Socioeconomic Status, John Henryism and Hypertension Risk in Blacks

Hypertension Clinical Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00005172
• Other study ID #: 1047
• Secondary ID: R01HL033211
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• First received: May 25, 2000
• Last updated: May 12, 2016
• Start date: December 1984
• Est. completion date: April 1997

Study information

• Verified date: August 2004
• Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United States: Federal Government
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

To investigate psychosocial and dietary influences on blood pressure in Blacks.

Description:

BACKGROUND:

Socioeconomic status as measured by education, income and/or occupation is generally inversely associated with hypertension-risk. John Henryism research is designed to test the psychosocial stress hypothesis that low SES Blacks who are strongly predisposed to overcome difficult life circumstances through effortful active coping might have higher blood pressure than their more relaxed neighbors and that John Henryism and anger suppression are positively correlated in Blacks.

The first two years of the project analyzed data collected on 1,548 Black and white men and women in Edgecombe County, North Carolina. The Edgecombe County data were collected in 1983 to provide data for a representative sample of households to be used in evaluating the effectiveness of a community high blood pressure control program. Approximately 50 percent of the sample was Black and 56 percent women. In the first year, measurements were made in all four race-sex groups of the effect-modifying role of John Henryism on education and on alternative measures of SES. In the second year, analyses were conducted on the degree to which job security, marriage, and socioeconomic mobility predict blood pressure in each race-sex group.

DESIGN NARRATIVE:

A survey was conducted of 2,017 Black men and women in Pitt County, North Carolina. Study variables included age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status (SES), John Henryism (behavioral predisposition to cope actively with psychosocial environmental stressors), social support, anger-coping style, social desirability, dietary variables including sodium, potassium, calcium and alcohol, blood pressure, height, weight, and pregnancy. In the cross-sectional study, blood pressure was the continuous outcome as measured by linear regression. Three years after baseline all normotensive persons were re-examined in order to measure changes in blood pressure from baseline after exposure to selected psychosocial and dietary factors. The study provided an estimate of the degree to which John Henryism, social support, anger-coping and dietary factors modify the association between SES and blood pressure in Blacks.

The study was renewed in 1993 to re-examine the 1,429 respondents (571 men, 912 women) with untreated, mean diastolic blood pressure < 95 mmHg at baseline, and again at follow-up, on changes in blood pressure during the intervening four to five years (1988-1992/93). The social variables included socioeconomic status, John Henryism, stress, and social support; the dietary variables included alcohol, sodium, potassium, and calcium; and the anthropometric variables included body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (WHR). With an emphasis on SES, physical activity, dietary habits, and cigarette smoking, the predictors of weight gain, and changes in patterning of body fat were also examined. Multiple linear regression was the primary analytic tool used to study these longitudinal relationships. In cross-sectional analyses which controlled for physical activity and other important variables, the roles of insulin resistance in mediating associations between obesity and blood pressure, and stress and blood pressure, were also examined.

The study completion date listed in this record was obtained from the "End Date" entered in the Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS) record.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 0
• Est. completion date: April 1997
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Male
• Age group: N/A to 100 Years
• Eligibility: No eligibility criteria

Study Design

N/A

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Heart Diseases
• Hypertension

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

References & Publications (15)

Ainsworth BE, Keenan NL, Strogatz DS, Garrett JM, James SA. Physical activity and hypertension in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health. 1991 Nov;81(11):1477-9. — View Citation

Croft JB, Strogatz DS, James SA, Keenan NL, Ammerman AS, Malarcher AM, Haines PS. Socioeconomic and behavioral correlates of body mass index in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health. 1992 Jun;82(6):821-6. — View Citation

Croft JB, Strogatz DS, Keenan NL, James SA, Malarcher AM, Garrett JM. The independent effects of obesity and body fat distribution on blood pressure in black adults: the Pitt County study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1993 Jul;17(7):391-7. — View Citation

Curtis AB, James SA, Raghunathan TE, Alcser KH. Job strain and blood pressure in African Americans: the Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health. 1997 Aug;87(8):1297-302. — View Citation

Curtis AB, Strogatz DS, James SA, Raghunathan TE. The contribution of baseline weight and weight gain to blood pressure change in African Americans: the Pitt County Study. Ann Epidemiol. 1998 Nov;8(8):497-503. — View Citation

Gerber AM, James SA, Ammerman AS, Keenan NL, Garrett JM, Strogatz DS, Haines PS. Socioeconomic status and electrolyte intake in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health. 1991 Dec;81(12):1608-12. — View Citation

James SA, Jamjoum L, Raghunathan TE, Strogatz DS, Furth ED, Khazanie PG. Physical activity and NIDDM in African-Americans. The Pitt County Study. Diabetes Care. 1998 Apr;21(4):555-62. — View Citation

James SA, Keenan NL, Strogatz DS, Browning SR, Garrett JM. Socioeconomic status, John Henryism, and blood pressure in black adults. The Pitt County Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Jan 1;135(1):59-67. — View Citation

James SA, Strogatz DS, Wing SB, Ramsey DL. Socioeconomic status, John Henryism, and hypertension in blacks and whites. Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Oct;126(4):664-73. — View Citation

James SA. John Henryism and the health of African-Americans. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1994 Jun;18(2):163-82. — View Citation

James SA. Psychosocial precursors of hypertension: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Circulation. 1987 Jul;76(1 Pt 2):I60-6. Review. — View Citation

Keenan NL, Strogatz DS, James SA, Ammerman AS, Rice BL. Distribution and correlates of waist-to-hip ratio in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Mar 15;135(6):678-84. — View Citation

Strogatz DS, Croft JB, James SA, Keenan NL, Browning SR, Garrett JM, Curtis AB. Social support, stress, and blood pressure in black adults. Epidemiology. 1997 Sep;8(5):482-7. — View Citation

Strogatz DS, James SA, Haines PS, Elmer PJ, Gerber AM, Browning SR, Ammerman AS, Keenan NL. Alcohol consumption and blood pressure in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Mar 1;133(5):442-50. — View Citation

Strogatz DS, James SA. Social support and hypertension among blacks and whites in a rural, southern community. Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Dec;124(6):949-56. — View Citation

* Note: There are 15 references in all — Click here to view all references