Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for HIV Prevention in Men

HIV Infections Clinical Trial

— iPrEx  

Official title:

Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Men

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00458393
• Other study ID #: CO-US-104-0288
• Secondary ID: 104451U01AI06400
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 3
• Start date: June 2007
• Est. completion date: February 2014

Study information

• Verified date: October 2021
• Source: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to determine whether daily use of emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) can prevent HIV infection in men who also receive HIV counseling, condoms, and treatment for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Description:

The Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS estimates that 14,000 persons are newly infected with HIV every day worldwide; one half of these infections occur in people between the ages of 15 and 24. New infections occur despite widespread awareness of the modes of HIV transmission and the protection afforded by condom use. Effective interventions for HIV prevention are urgently needed. This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men (MSM) who are at high risk for HIV infection despite using condoms, receiving HIV counseling, and receiving treatment for STIs, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A daily combination dose of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) has been selected for evaluation because it has a well-established safety record in previous studies and was demonstrated to be effective for HIV prevention in primate models. These medications have long half-lives that allow daily dosing and do not have known interactions with hormonal contraception, methadone, or tuberculosis therapies.

Once on the study drug, participants will be followed for a variable length of time, starting within 4 weeks of their screening visit and lasting up to 144 weeks. All participants will be followed for at least 8 weeks after stopping study drug. Participants who are reactive to a Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test will be followed for hepatic flares for 16 additional weeks for a total of 24 weeks after stopping study drug. If enrolled in the optional substudy of bone mineral density, fat distribution, and fasting lipids, the participant will be asked to return for one additional visit 24 weeks after stopping study drug. Participants who HIV seroconvert during their participation will also be followed until the end of the study.

All study visits will be at 4 week intervals. At study entry, high risk, HIV uninfected MSM will be randomly assigned to receive either daily FTC/TDF or placebo, in addition to standard HIV counseling, condoms, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) management. The study will closely monitor biological and behavioral safety, including careful analysis of drug resistance, kidney and liver function, and risk behavior.

At the screening visit, participants will undergo HIV antibody and HBV testing, a medical history, a medical exam, blood and urine collection, risk behavior assessment, and STI testing. At study entry, participants will be given study medication; tested for HCV; and offered the HBV vaccine, if applicable. At all study visits, there will be HIV antibody testing, pill counts, adherence checks, study medication distribution, HIV counseling, and condom distribution. A medical history and blood will be taken on selected visits, along with STI testing and treatment if needed. Testing and treatment of STIs will be provided at no cost to the participant.

All study participants will be encouraged to join a substudy that will assess interactions between HBV infection, bone mineral density and fat distribution, and immune function. If enrolled in the substudy, the participant will be asked to return for one additional visit 24 weeks after stopping the study medication. All participants in the substudy will undergo dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, and HIV infected participants will undergo additional blood collection.

Sites will have the option of participating in the following four substudies:

The Hair Substudy: Participants who are receiving FTC/TDF will be eligible to enroll. At each 12-week follow-up study visit, hair samples will be collected and questionnaires will be completed.

The Urine Substudy: For all participants who elect to enroll in this substudy, additional testing will occur on blood and urine samples collected at each 24-week follow-up visit. An additional urine collection will occur 8 weeks after participants stop receiving FTC/TDF.

The Semen Substudy: Participants who seroconvert during the study may elect to participate in this substudy. One semen sample will be collected at participants' next study visit when plasma viral load testing is performed.

The Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Substudy: Participants in this substudy will undergo rectal and oropharyngeal swab procedures and urine collection at the 24-week study visit.

After the randomized phase ends, if the daily oral FTC/TDF arm is shown to be beneficial and safe, participants will be given the option of participating in an open label extension phase. During this extension phase, study participants will receive daily oral open-label FTC/TDF, in addition to standard counseling, condoms, and STI management.

Other known NCT identifiers

• NCT00350324

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 2499
• Est. completion date: February 2014
• Est. primary completion date: February 2014
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Male
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male sex (at birth)

• HIV uninfected

• Age having reached the local age of consent

• High risk for HIV infection including any of the following: 1) No condom use during anal intercourse with a male HIV-positive partner or a male partner of unknown HIV status during the last 6 months; (2) anal intercourse with more than 3 male sex partners during the last 6 months; (3) exchange of money, gifts, shelter, or drugs for anal sex with a male partner during the last 6 months; (4) sex with a male partner and STI diagnosis during the last 6 months or at screening, or (5) sexual partner of an HIV-infected man with whom condoms are not consistently used in the last 6 months.

• Able to provide a street address of residence for themselves and one personal contact who would know their whereabouts during the study period

• Healthy enough to work, as indicated by score of 80 or greater on the Karnofsky scale

• Certain laboratory values

• A urine dipstick with a negative or trace result for both glucose and protein within 28 days of enrollment.

• Ability to understand and local language for which an informed consent form has been approved by a local IRB and registered with the study sponsor.

Inclusion Criteria for Open-Label Extension:

• Participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, PrEP trail

• Has been unblinded

• Has provided informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previously diagnosed active and serious infections, including tuberculosis infection, osteomyelitis, or infections requiring parenteral antibiotic therapy

• Active clinically significant medical problems including heart disease (e.g., symptoms of ischemia, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia), lung disease (steroid-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), diabetes requiring hypoglycemic medication, or previously diagnosed cancer expected to require further treatment

• Acute HBV infection at the screening visit or presence of treatment indications for hepatitis B based on local practice standards; or clinical signs of hepatic cirrhosis

• History of pathological bone fractures not related to trauma

• Receiving ongoing therapy with certain HIV/AIDS-related medications or other medications as determined by the investigator

• Definitely or possibly received an anti-HIV vaccine while participating in a blinded clinical trial

• Current alcohol or drug use that, in the opinion of the investigator, may interfere with the study

• Current participation in a clinical trial or cohort study other than sub-studies of this protocol

• Any condition at enrollment that, in the opinion of the investigator, would make participation in the study unsafe or would interfere with the study

• Sites may utilize additional criteria that restrict enrollment to a subset of people who meet the protocol-defined enrollment criteria.

Exclusion Criteria for Open-Label Extension:

• Site leadership believes participant will have difficulty completing requirements

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• HIV Infections

Intervention

Drug:
• daily TDF/FTC
daily oral medication
• Placebo
daily oral medication

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Brazil	IPEC/FIOCRUZ iPrEx CRS	Rio de Janeiro
Brazil	Projeto Praca Onze, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro iPrEx CRS	Rio de Janeiro
Brazil	Universidade de Sao Paulo iPrEx CRS	Sao Paulo
Ecuador	Fundación Ecuatoriana Equidad, Guayaquil, iPrEx CRS	Guayaquil	Guayas
Peru	Asociación Civil Selva Amazónica, Iquitos, iPrEx CRS	Iquitos	Maynas
Peru	Investigaciones Médicas en Salud (INMENSA), Lince, iPrEx CRS	Lima
South Africa	Desmond Tutu HIV Ctr. iPrEx CRS	Cape Town
Thailand	Research Institute for Health Sciences iPrEx CRS	Chiang Mai
United States	Fenway Community Health iPrEx CRS	Boston	Massachusetts
United States	Stroger Hospital of Cook County/Core Center IPREX CRS	Chicago	Illinois
United States	San Francisco Dept. of Public Health iPrEx CRS	San Francisco	California

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)	Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

United States,  Brazil,  Ecuador,  Peru,  South Africa,  Thailand, 

References & Publications (1)

Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, McMahan V, Liu AY, Vargas L, Goicochea P, Casapía M, Guanira-Carranza JV, Ramirez-Cardich ME, Montoya-Herrera O, Fernández T, Veloso VG, Buchbinder SP, Chariyalertsak S, Schechter M, Bekker LG, Mayer KH, Kallás EG, Amico KR — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	HIV Seroconversion	Confirmed HIV infection	Monthly follow-up through a median of 1.2 years
Primary	Grade 1 or Higher Creatinine Toxicity	Creatinine which reach grade 1 (mild, 1.1 to 1.3 local upper limit of normal) or higher by the US Division of AIDS grading table (version 1) or a 50% increase in creatinine from the baseline value. The DAIDS table can be found at https://rsc.tech-res.com/docs/default-source/safety/table_for_grading_severity_of_adult_pediatric_adverse_events.pdf	Duration of follow-up, median 1.2 years
Primary	Grade 3 or Higher Phosphorous Toxicity	Grade 3 or higher phosphorous toxicity (hypophosphatemia) by the Division of AIDS Grading Table (severe, level at or below 1.9 mg/dL)	The entire follow-up period, median 1.2 years
Primary	Grade 2, 3, or 4 Laboratory Adverse Events	Number of participants with at least one Grade 2, 3, or 4 laboratory adverse events (moderate, severe of life threatening based one the US Division of AIDS Grading of adverse events, version 1.0). The table can be found at https://rsc.tech-res.com/docs/default-source/safety/table_for_grading_severity_of_adult_pediatric_adverse_events.pdf	Entire follow-up, median 1.2 years
Primary	Grade 2, 3, or 4 Clinical Adverse Events	Number of participants with at least 1 Grade 2, 3, or 4 clinical adverse events (moderate, severe of life threatening based one the US Division of AIDS Grading of adverse events, version 1.0). The table can be found at https://rsc.tech-res.com/docs/default-source/safety/table_for_grading_severity_of_adult_pediatric_adverse_events.pdf	Entire follow-up, median 1.2 years
Secondary	Hepatitis Flares Among Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infected Persons During and After Chemoprophylaxis	A hepatic flare is defined as an increase in alanine transaminase or aspartate transaminase to >5 fold upper limit of normal at any visit, or an increase to >2.5 fold upper limit of normal for 3 months, within 24 weeks of permanently stopping study drug.; More details in https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4752387/	Quarterly lab tests through a median follow-up of 1.2 years
Secondary	Percentage Change in Bone Mineral Density	% Change from baseline in bone mineral density (100 * [(value at 24 weeks- value at baseline)/ (value at baseline)]) in in hip and L1-L4 spine by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry	baseline and week 24.
Secondary	Percentage Change in Body Fat	Percentage Change (100 * [(value at 24 weeks- value at baseline)/ (value at baseline)]) in Body Fat from Baseline by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry	Baseline and Week 24
Secondary	Percentage Change in Fasting Triglycerides	Percentage Change (Percentage Change (100 * [(value at 24 weeks- value at baseline)/ (value at baseline)]) in Triglycerides from Baseline from a fasting sample.	Baseline and Week 24
Secondary	Percent Change in Total Cholesterol	Percent change (100 * [(value at 24 weeks- value at baseline)/ (value at baseline)]) in fasting total cholesterol from baseline	Baseline and Week 24
Secondary	Viral Load Among HIV Infected Participants	HIV-RNA in log10 units among HIV infected participants at the time closest to HIV detection	At the time closest to HIV detection
Secondary	Among HIV Infected Participants Drug Resistance	Genotypic resistance by clinical assays among the seroconverters from baseline to the end of the study treatment period	at the time of HIV acquisition
Secondary	CD4 Count Among HIV Infected Participants	CD4 cell count for HIV infected participants during the trial	at the time infection was detected
Secondary	Proportion of Missed Doses by Pill Count	Estimated proportion of missed doses by pill count (assuming pills taken in unreturned bottles)	At 24 weeks
Secondary	Percentage of Missed Doses by Estimate During CASI Interview	Percentage of missed doses by estimate during computer assisted structured interview	Week 24
Secondary	Number of Condomless Sexual Partners With HIV Positive or Unknown Status	Participants self-report of the number of sexual partners with HIV positive or unknown status in the previous 12 weeks with whom they had condomless anal sex	At 24 weeks
Secondary	Total Number of Sexual Partners	Self-reported total number of sexual partners in the previous 12 weeks.	24 weeks
Secondary	Condomless Receptive Anal Intercourse in the Previous 12 Weeks With Any Partners Regardless of Status.	Self-reported condomless receptive anal intercourse in the previous 12 weeks with any partners regardless of status.	At 24 weeks
Secondary	Incidence of Confirmed Syphilis During Follow-Up	Number of participants who have at least 1 confirmed syphilis infection during the study	All Follow-Up median of 1.2 years of follow-up
Secondary	Incidence of HSV-2 During the Follow-up Period	Incidence of HSV-2 during the follow-up period among those HIV-2 negative at baseline	Total study follow-up, a median of 1.2 years
Secondary	Diagnosis of Gonorrhea During the Follow-up Period	Diagnosis of gonorrhea during the follow-up period by PCR	All of follow-up period, median of 1.2 years

External Links

•   Primary Manuscript