Comparison of New Anti-HIV Drug Combinations in HIV-Infected Children Who Have Taken Anti-HIV Drugs

HIV Infections Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Phase II Rolling Arm Master Protocol (PRAM) of Novel Antiretroviral Therapy in Stable Experienced HIV- Infected Children; PRAM-1: ZDV+3TC vs. d4T+Ritonavir vs. ZDV+3TC+Ritonavir; PRAM-1, Step 2: d4T+Nevirapine+Ritonavir; PRAM-1, Step 3: d4T+Indinavir vs. ZDV+3TC+Indinavir

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00001083
• Other study ID #: ACTG 338
• Secondary ID: 11309
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 2
• Est. completion date: June 2001

Study information

• Verified date: October 2021
• Source: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

For PRAM-1: To evaluate zidovudine (ZDV) + lamivudine (3TC) vs. stavudine (d4T) + ritonavir vs. ZDV + 3TC + ritonavir with respect to the change in plasma HIV-1 RNA copy number from baseline to 48 weeks [AS PER AMENDMENT 1/5/98: 72 weeks; AS PER AMENDMENT 7/17/98: 48 weeks] in stable HIV-infected children with >= 16 weeks of prior continuous antiretroviral therapy. To evaluate the safety and tolerance of ZDV + 3TC vs. d4T + ritonavir vs. ZDV + 3TC + ritonavir based upon laboratory and clinical toxicities.

AS PER AMENDMENT 10/20/97: For PRAM-1, Step 2: To evaluate d4T + nevirapine + ritonavir with respect to change in plasma HIV-1 RNA copy number from baseline to 48 weeks in children who have received at least 12 weeks of therapy on the PRAM-1 ZDV/3TC arm and have over 10,000 viral copies at weeks 12, 24, or 36. To evaluate the safety and tolerance of d4T + nevirapine + ritonavir based upon laboratory and clinical toxicities. [AS PER AMENDMENT 10/23/98: To evaluate safety and tolerance of a switch from d4T + ritonavir vs. ZDV + 3TC + ritonavir to d4T + indinavir vs. ZDV + 3TC + indinavir in stable, HIV-infected children with RNA values <= 10,000 copies/ml.] For PRAM-1: Evidence supports combination therapy with 2 or more antiviral agents as beneficial in the long-term management of HIV. The possibility exists that combination therapy may result in a synergistic or additive activity over a prolonged period of time. Also hypothesized is that the development of resistance to individual agents will be developed if viral replication is significantly decreased.

AS PER AMENDMENT 10/20/97: For PRAM-1, Step 2: Interim analysis at 12 weeks on PRAM-1 indicates that the proportion of children reaching undetectable RNA levels on the ZDV + 3TC arm is significantly less than the other two arms. The protocol, therefore, has been modified (Step 2) to permit children in the ZDV + 3TC arm with RNA copy number >= 10,000 the opportunity to change to a novel therapeutic regimen (d4T + nevirapine + ritonavir).

Description:

For PRAM-1: Evidence supports combination therapy with 2 or more antiviral agents as beneficial in the long-term management of HIV. The possibility exists that combination therapy may result in a synergistic or additive activity over a prolonged period of time. Also hypothesized is that the development of resistance to individual agents will be developed if viral replication is significantly decreased.

AS PER AMENDMENT 10/20/97: For PRAM-1, Step 2: Interim analysis at 12 weeks on PRAM-1 indicates that the proportion of children reaching undetectable RNA levels on the ZDV + 3TC arm is significantly less than the other two arms. The protocol, therefore, has been modified (Step 2) to permit children in the ZDV + 3TC arm with RNA copy number >= 10,000 the opportunity to change to a novel therapeutic regimen (d4T + nevirapine + ritonavir).

The Master PRAM is a Phase II, multicenter, randomized, open-label trial of a standard therapeutic regimen in current use versus experimental therapies administered over 48 weeks. It is designed to allow new therapeutic arms to be studied as "rolling screens" through multiple generations of PRAM. Each PRAM generation compares 2 novel therapeutic arms with a linking arm that allows for an indirect comparison of included therapies. Once accrual to PRAM-1 is complete a new treatment comparison opens for accrual (PRAM-2). The linking arm to be used in PRAM-2 is decided by the Pediatric Primary Scientific Committee. PRAM-2 will continue to accrue patients while PRAM-1 patients continue therapy.

For PRAM-1: This study compares the following three treatment arms:

Arm I: ZDV plus 3TC Arm II: d4T plus ritonavir Arm III: ZDV plus 3TC plus ritonavir. Prior to randomization to one of the three arms, patients are stratified based on CD4 percents: either less than 15% or greater than or equal to 15%. The first 8 patients randomized to Arms II and III participate in a real-time Phase I pharmacokinetic study (16 patients total). After the first 45 (15 per arm) patients entered are followed for 24 weeks, an interim analysis is done. Patients are treated for 48 weeks [AS PER AMENDMENT 1/5/98: 72 weeks].

AS PER AMENDMENT 10/20/97:

PRAM-1, Step 2:

Patients initially assigned to Arm I (ZDV plus 3TC) who have RNA values greater than 10,000 copies at week 12, 24, or 36 are assigned to switch protocol treatment to d4T + ritonavir + nevirapine. Patients may enroll in Step 2 no later than week 38 of PRAM-1. [AS PER AMENDMENT 1/5/98: Patients initially assigned to Arm 1 with viral load greater than 100,000 copies may also switch to Step 2 or discontinue therapy. Patients originally assigned to Arms I or II with viral load greater than 10,000 may continue their current drugs or discontinue study therapy; those with viral load greater than 100,000 should discontinue study drugs.] [AS PER AMENDMENT 7/17/98: PRAM-1 has been extended to permit long-term follow-up of clinically stable, HIV-infected children for a total of 120 weeks. Patients still on initial treatment assignment for all three treatment arms are eligible for this extension, as are children from PRAM-1, Step 2. Step 2 is now closed to enrollment. Patients on 3TC/ZDV who reach virologic failure must discontinue study therapy].

[AS PER AMENDMENT 10/23/98: PRAM-1, Step 3: This amendment substitutes indinavir (IDV) capsules for ritonavir capsules in PRAM-1. The regimens will switch from d4T plus ritonavir versus ZDV plus 3TC plus ritonavir to d4T plus IDV versus ZDV plus 3TC plus IDV. All patients will be followed for 48 weeks. Patients eligible for this change in regimens are those taking ritonavir capsules who have RNA values less than or equal to 10,000 copies/ml (as demonstrated by the most recent viral load test) after at least 72 weeks on PRAM-1, Step I. Twelve patients with RNA values less than or equal to 400 copies/ml will immediately join the study; 6 will receive d4T plus IDV and 6 will receive ZDV plus 3TC plus IDV. Additional patients may be added based on toxicity and viral load results. A total sample size of 53 evaluable patients (37 with RNA values less than or equal to 400 copies/ml and 16 with RNA values of greater than 400 to 10,000 copies/ml) is anticipated. PRAM-1 Step 2 patients are not eligible for Step 3. PRAM-1, Step 2 patients currently taking liquid ritonavir should continue their study drug; those taking ritonavir capsules will switch to liquid ritonavir or go off study.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 240
• Est. completion date: June 2001
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 2 Years to 17 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Allowed:

• IVIG and opportunistic infection prophylaxis will be allowed.

• Erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) will be allowed for the management of hematologic toxicity.

• Treatment with trimethoprim is allowed at the discretion of the principal investigator.

Patients must have:

• Laboratory evidence (at least 2 viral tests) of HIV-1 infection.

• Clinical and immunological stability [maintained CDC category 1 or 2 immunologic status for past 4 months and no new CDC category (diagnosis within the past year)].

• Patients must have received continuous antiretroviral therapy for the past 16 weeks (missing no more than 6 weeks of therapy during the previous 16 weeks).

AS PER AMENDMENT 10/20/97: For PRAM-1, Step 2:

• Viral load >= 10,000 and < 100,000 copies/ml at week 12, 24, or 36 in children initially assigned to Arm I (ZDV + 3TC) of PRAM-1 and currently on study.

Prior Medication:

Required:

• Patients must have received continuous antiretroviral therapy for the past 16 weeks.

Allowed:

• Patients who have received immunomodulator therapy as part of perinatal clinical trials or in trials for HIV- exposed infants are eligible.

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with the following symptoms or conditions are excluded:

• Current grade 3/4 clinical or laboratory toxicity and/or current grade 2 or higher amylase/lipase toxicity.

• Active opportunistic infection and/or serious bacterial infection.

• Current diagnosis of malignancy.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

• Current antiretroviral therapy identical to any of the following regimens:

• ZDV + 3TC, d4T + ritonavir and ZDV + 3TC + ritonavir.

• Concurrent therapy with any other anti-HIV-1 therapy, biologic response modifiers (EPO, G-CSF and GM-CSF allowed), human growth hormone and megestrol acetate.

• Use of continuous systemic corticosteroids (>= 14 days duration) is not allowed.

• Medications that are incompatible with ritonavir.

• Probenecid and daily intravenous pentamidine.

[AS PER AMENDMENT 10/23/98: The following are excluded in patients receiving indinavir:

• terfenadine, astemizole, cisapride, rifampin, rifabutin, triazolam, ketoconazole, clarithromycin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, calcium channel blockers, midazolam, and ergot derivatives.]

Patients with the following prior conditions and symptoms are excluded:

• Documented hypersensitivity to a therapy included in any of the treatment arms.

Prior Medication:

Excluded:

Investigational drug therapy within 2 weeks prior to randomization.

NOTE:

• Co-enrollment in ACTG 219, ACTG 220 and certain ACTG opportunistic infection protocols is allowed.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• HIV Infections

Intervention

Drug:
• Indinavir sulfate

• Ritonavir

• Nevirapine

• Lamivudine

• Stavudine

• Zidovudine

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Puerto Rico	Ramon Ruiz Arnau Univ Hosp / Pediatrics	Bayamon
Puerto Rico	San Juan City Hosp	San Juan
Puerto Rico	Univ of Puerto Rico / Univ Children's Hosp AIDS	San Juan
United States	Children's Hosp at Albany Med Ctr	Albany	New York
United States	Emory Univ Hosp / Pediatrics	Atlanta	Georgia
United States	Univ of Maryland at Baltimore / Univ Med Ctr	Baltimore	Maryland
United States	Univ of Alabama at Birmingham - Pediatric	Birmingham	Alabama
United States	Boston City Hosp / Pediatrics	Boston	Massachusetts
United States	Children's Hosp of Boston	Boston	Massachusetts
United States	Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr	Bronx	New York
United States	Bronx Municipal Hosp Ctr/Jacobi Med Ctr	Bronx	New York
United States	King's County Hosp Ctr / Pediatrics	Brooklyn	New York
United States	SUNY - Brooklyn	Brooklyn	New York
United States	Med Univ of South Carolina	Charleston	South Carolina
United States	Chicago Children's Memorial Hosp	Chicago	Illinois
United States	Univ of Chicago Children's Hosp	Chicago	Illinois
United States	Univ of Illinois College of Medicine / Pediatrics	Chicago	Illinois
United States	Columbus Children's Hosp	Columbus	Ohio
United States	Children's Med Ctr of Dallas	Dallas	Texas
United States	Duke Univ Med Ctr	Durham	North Carolina
United States	Univ of Connecticut / Farmington	Farmington	Connecticut
United States	North Broward Hosp District	Fort Lauderdale	Florida
United States	Univ of Florida Gainesville	Gainesville	Florida
United States	North Shore Univ Hosp	Great Neck	New York
United States	Texas Children's Hosp / Baylor Univ	Houston	Texas
United States	Univ of Mississippi Med Ctr	Jackson	Mississippi
United States	Univ of Florida Health Science Ctr / Pediatrics	Jacksonville	Florida
United States	UCSD Med Ctr / Pediatrics / Clinical Sciences	La Jolla	California
United States	Long Beach Memorial (Pediatric)	Long Beach	California
United States	Children's Hosp of Los Angeles/UCLA Med Ctr	Los Angeles	California
United States	Harbor - UCLA Med Ctr / UCLA School of Medicine	Los Angeles	California
United States	Los Angeles County - USC Med Ctr	Los Angeles	California
United States	UCLA Med Ctr / Pediatric	Los Angeles	California
United States	Univ of Miami (Pediatric)	Miami	Florida
United States	UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Med School / Pediatrics	New Brunswick	New Jersey
United States	Yale Univ Med School	New Haven	Connecticut
United States	Schneider Children's Hosp	New Hyde Park	New York
United States	Tulane Univ / Charity Hosp of New Orleans	New Orleans	Louisiana
United States	Bellevue Hosp / New York Univ Med Ctr	New York	New York
United States	Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr	New York	New York
United States	Cornell Univ Med College	New York	New York
United States	Harlem Hosp Ctr	New York	New York
United States	Incarnation Children's Ctr / Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr	New York	New York
United States	Metropolitan Hosp Ctr	New York	New York
United States	Mount Sinai Med Ctr / Pediatrics	New York	New York
United States	Saint Joseph's Hosp and Med Ctr/UMDNJ - New Jersey Med Schl	Newark	New Jersey
United States	Univ of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey / Univ Hosp	Newark	New Jersey
United States	Children's Hosp of Oakland	Oakland	California
United States	Saint Christopher's Hosp for Children	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Med College of Virginia	Richmond	Virginia
United States	Palm Beach County Health Dept	Riviera Beach	Florida
United States	Univ of Rochester Med Ctr	Rochester	New York
United States	UCSF / Moffitt Hosp - Pediatric	San Francisco	California
United States	Children's Hospital & Medical Center / Seattle ACTU	Seattle	Washington
United States	Baystate Med Ctr of Springfield	Springfield	Massachusetts
United States	State Univ of New York at Stony Brook	Stony Brook	New York
United States	SUNY Health Sciences Ctr at Syracuse / Pediatrics	Syracuse	New York
United States	Westchester Hosp	Valhalla	New York
United States	Children's Hosp of Washington DC	Washington	District of Columbia
United States	Howard Univ Hosp	Washington	District of Columbia
United States	Univ of Massachusetts Med School	Worcester	Massachusetts

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

United States,  Puerto Rico, 

References & Publications (6)

Fiscus SA, Kovacs A, Petch LA, Hu C, Wiznia AA, Mofenson LM, Yogev R, McIntosh K, Pelton SI, Napravnik S, Stanley K, Nachman SA. Baseline resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors fails to predict virologic response to combination therapy — View Citation

Jeremy RJ, Kim S, Nozyce M, Nachman S, McIntosh K, Pelton SI, Yogev R, Wiznia A, Johnson GM, Krogstad P, Stanley K; Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 338 & 377 Study Teams. Neuropsychological functioning and viral load in stable antiretroviral — View Citation

Nachman S. Lack of improvement in growth in HIV-infected children on HAART 39th Intersci Conf Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 Sept 26-29 (abstract no 120)

Nachman SA, Lindsey JC, Pelton S, Mofenson L, McIntosh K, Wiznia A, Stanley K, Yogev R. Growth in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children receiving ritonavir-containing antiretroviral therapy. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002 May;156(5):497-503. — View Citation

Nachman SA, Stanley K, Yogev R, Pelton S, Wiznia A, Lee S, Mofenson L, Fiscus S, Rathore M, Jimenez E, Borkowsky W, Pitt J, Smith ME, Wells B, McIntosh K. Nucleoside analogs plus ritonavir in stable antiretroviral therapy-experienced HIV-infected children — View Citation

Yogev R, Lee S, Wiznia A, Nachman S, Stanley K, Pelton S, Mofenson L, Fiscus S, Jimenez E, Rathore MH, Smith ME, Song LY, McIntosh K; Pediatrics AIDS Clinical Trials Group 338 Study Team. Stavudine, nevirapine and ritonavir in stable antiretroviral therap — View Citation