The Safety and Effectiveness of Hydroxyurea and ddI Used Individually or Together in HIV-Infected Patients

HIV Infections Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Phase I/II Dosing Study of the Safety and Antiretroviral Activity of Hydroxyurea Alone and in Combination With ddI Compared With ddI Alone in Subjects With HIV Infection

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00001074
• Other study ID #: ACTG 307
• Secondary ID: 11282
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 1
• Est. completion date: January 2000

Study information

• Verified date: October 2021
• Source: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

To determine the safety and tolerability of hydroxyurea at two doses alone and in combination with didanosine (ddI). To compare the short term antiviral effect of ddI monotherapy versus hydroxyurea plus ddI, as measured by plasma RNA levels at 8 weeks of therapy. [AS PER AMENDMENT 10/1/97: Accrual to arms involving hydroxyurea alone has been closed.] Current antiviral therapies for HIV-1 are limited by a few choices, and the lack of sustained clinical benefit from the drugs. The mechanisms that account for the lack of prolonged inhibition of viral replication by these agents are not fully understood. The activity of RT inhibitors might be potentiated by inhibiting host cellular enzymes essential for efficient HIV reverse transcription. Based on this information, comparisons of the antiviral effects of ddI monotherapy and hydroxyurea plus ddI, with the cellular enzyme ribonucleotide reductase as a potential target, should be done.

Description:

Current antiviral therapies for HIV-1 are limited by a few choices, and the lack of sustained clinical benefit from the drugs. The mechanisms that account for the lack of prolonged inhibition of viral replication by these agents are not fully understood. The activity of RT inhibitors might be potentiated by inhibiting host cellular enzymes essential for efficient HIV reverse transcription. Based on this information, comparisons of the antiviral effects of ddI monotherapy and hydroxyurea plus ddI, with the cellular enzyme ribonucleotide reductase as a potential target, should be done.

This is a 24-week study, with two 12-week treatment periods. Patients are randomized to one of five treatment arms based upon a patient's history of antiretroviral therapy (naive vs. experienced). The five treatment arms are:

1. ddI plus hydroxyurea placebo.

2. hydroxyurea (lower dose) plus ddI placebo for 4 weeks; then hydroxyurea (higher dose) plus ddI.

3. hydroxyurea (higher dose) plus ddI placebo for 4 weeks; then hydroxyurea (higher dose) plus ddI.

4. hydroxyurea (lower dose) plus ddI.

5. hydroxyurea (higher dose) plus ddI. After the completion of week 12, patients on combination therapy remain on their current therapy and patients on ddI plus placebo have hydroxyurea replace the placebo at 1 of 2 assigned doses (1:1 randomization). AS PER AMENDMENT 5/5/97: If after the 24-week treatment period, a patient has an RNA level less than or equal to 5,000 copies/ml or less than 20,000 copies/ml with a greater than 1 log10 decline from baseline, she has the option to continue therapy open-label ddI plus hydroxyurea for an additional 24 weeks.

AS PER AMENDMENT 10/1/97: Accrual to the arms involving hydroxyurea alone has been closed. Patients are randomized to one of the three treatment arms, as follows:

1. hydroxyurea placebo plus ddI.

2. hydroxyurea (lower dose) plus ddI.

3. hydroxyurea (higher dose) plus ddI.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 140
• Est. completion date: January 2000
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Allowed:

AS PER AMENDMENT 5/5/97:

• PCP prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or Dapsone.

Patients must have:

• HIV-1 infection.

• AS PER AMENDMENT 5/5/97:

• CD4 count of 200 - 700 cells/mm3 within 60 days prior to study entry.

• AS PER AMENDMENT 10/1/97:

• HIV RNA plasma level < 20,000 copies/ml within 60 days of enrollment (obtained at a laboratory certified to perform the Roche Monitor assay).

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with any of the following symptoms or conditions are excluded:

• CMV, MAC, toxoplasmosis, or disseminated fungal infection requiring acute or chronic therapy.

• Significant medical illness as determined by investigator.

• Active diagnosis of any malignancy, including visceral Kaposi's sarcoma or extensive cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma for which systemic chemotherapy is anticipated within the next 24 weeks.

• Current Grade 2 or greater peripheral neuropathy.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

• Acute or chronic therapy for CMV, MAC, toxoplasmosis, or disseminated fungal infection.

AS PER AMENDMENT 5/5/97:

• All antiretroviral medications other than those provided on study.

• Systemic chemotherapy for active malignancies, including systemic treatment for KS.

• Agents with myelosuppressive potential, including tegretol, carboplatin, carmustine, cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil.

• Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) except while hydroxyurea or matching placebo is held.

Drugs associated with peripheral neuropathy, including:

• hydralazine, disulfiram, nitrofurantoin, cisplatinum, diethyldithiocarbamate, gold, rifampin, chloramphenicol, clioquinol, ethambutol, ethionamide, glutethimide, sodium cyanate, and thalidomide.

Patients with any of the prior conditions are excluded:

• History of transfusion dependent anemia, defined as any history of repeated transfusion with two or more units of red blood cells.

• At the discretion of the investigator, history of pancreatitis.

Prior Medication:

Excluded:

• More than 2 weeks prior treatment with ddI.

AS PER AMENDMENT 5/5/97:

• Other antiretrovirals must be discontinued at least 14 days prior to randomization.

• Prior hydroxyurea.

• Any candidate HIV vaccine or agent with potential immune modulating effects within the past 30 days.

• Any colony stimulating factor or erythropoietin within the past 60 days.

Prior Treatment:

Excluded:

• Transfusion with red blood cells within the past 60 days.

Risk Behavior:

Excluded:

• At the investigator's discretion, any active substance abuse, including alcohol abuse interfering with compliance.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• HIV Infections
• Infections

Intervention

Drug:
• Hydroxyurea

• Didanosine

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Johns Hopkins Hosp	Baltimore	Maryland
United States	Univ of North Carolina	Chapel Hill	North Carolina
United States	Univ of Cincinnati	Cincinnati	Ohio
United States	Case Western Reserve Univ	Cleveland	Ohio
United States	MetroHealth Med Ctr	Cleveland	Ohio
United States	Univ of Colorado Health Sciences Ctr	Denver	Colorado
United States	Duke Univ Med Ctr	Durham	North Carolina
United States	Bellevue Hosp / New York Univ Med Ctr	New York	New York
United States	Beth Israel Med Ctr	New York	New York
United States	Mount Sinai Med Ctr	New York	New York
United States	Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Univ of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Univ of California / San Diego Treatment Ctr	San Diego	California
United States	Stanford at Kaiser / Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr	San Francisco	California
United States	Univ of Washington	Seattle	Washington
United States	Stanford Univ Med Ctr	Stanford	California
United States	Harbor UCLA Med Ctr	Torrance	California
United States	Julio Arroyo	West Columbia	South Carolina

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (2)

Frank I, Bosch RJ, Fiscus S, Valentine F, Flexner C, Segal Y, Ruan P, Gulick R, Wood K, Estep S, Fox L, Nevin T, Stevens M, Eron JJ Jr; ACTG 307 Protocol Team. Activity, safety, and immunological effects of hydroxyurea added to didanosine in antiretrovira — View Citation

Frank I, Boucher H, Fiscus S, Flexner C, Valentine F, Gulick R, Fox L, Eron J. Phase I/II dosing study of once-daily hydroxyurea (HU) alone vs didanosine (ddI) alone vs ddI + HU. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4;6th:143 (abstract