View clinical trials related to Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.
Filter by:Acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB) is a common critical disease in gastroenterology. Due to the development of modern medical technology, the incidence rate of ANVUGIB has been decreasing in recent years, but its mortality within 30 days is still 11%. Endoscopic hemostasis and drug therapy are the first choice for the treatment of ANVUGIB. After endoscopic hemostasis, it is very important to treat peptic ulcer bleeding with strong acid suppression therapy to maintain gastric pH above 6.0. This study is to study the effect of endoscopic and drug treatment of ANVUGIB.
The rationale of this study in UGIB patients is to assess whether the prediction of mortality and morbidity using AIMS65 score improves when used in combination with RDW in the emergency department setting.
Capsule Endoscopy (CE) is a safe, patient friendly and easy procedure performed for the evaluation of gastrointestinal tract unable to be explored via conventional endoscopy. The most common indication to perform SBCE is represented by Suspected Small Bowel Bleeding (SSBB). According to the widest meta-analysis available in literature, SBCE shows a diagnostic yield in SSBB of about 60%, and angiodysplasias are the most relevant findings, accounting for 50% of patients undergoing SBCE for SSBB. Accordingly, it represents the first line examination in SSBB investigation for determining the source of bleeding, if primary endoscopy results negative. Despite its high clinical feasibility, the evaluation of CE-video-captures is one of the main drawbacks since it is time consuming and requests the reader to concentrate to not miss any lesion. In order to reduce reading time, several software have been developed with the aim to cut similar images and select relevant images. For example, automated fast reading software have demonstrated to significantly reduce reading time without impacting the miss rate in pathological conditions affecting diffusely the mucosa (as IBD lesions do). Not the same assumption can be taken for isolated lesions since several studies reported an unacceptable miss rate for such a detection modality. New advancements such as artificial intelligence made their appearance in recent years. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated to recognize specific images among a large variety up to exceed human performance in visual tasks. A Deep Learning model has been recently validated in the field of Small Bowel CE by Ding et al. According to their data collected on 5000 patients, the CNN-based auxiliary model identify abnormalities with 99.88% sensitivity in the per patient analysis and 99.90% sensitivity in the per-lesion analysis. With this perspective, it is believable that AI applied to SBCE can significantly shorten the reading time and support physicians to detect available lesions without losing significant lesions, further improving the diagnostic yield of the procedure.
Upper Gastrointestinal bleed is a common presentation in a medical emergency. Patients generally present with hematemesis, melena or in severe cases hematochezia. Incidence and etiology vary from region as well as the level of health care facility. In the US, UGI bleed accountsfor about 300000 admissions per year (6). India has a huge burden of UGI bleed. A study in India showed 4.6% of hospitaladmissions were due to UGI bleed (7). As per the medical record of PGIMER, 2-3 patients of UGIbleed are admitted to the EMOPD every day. Upper GI bleed is anatomically defined as any gastrointestinal bleed originating proximal to ligamentof treitz (8). Causes of UGI bleed are generally divided into variceal and non-variceal in origin. The common etiology of non-variceal bleed are Peptic Ulcer disease (PUD), esophagitis, erosive Gastritis, vascular malformations, Mallory Weiss tear and GI malignancies.Variceal hemorrhage is usually secondary to esophageal varices, but alsocan be due to gastric varices and ectopic varices of the upper GI tract(9).Non-varicealcauses are more common as compared to variceal bleed (10) and among this PUD is the most common (10).But there is recent rising trend of variceal bleed secondary to chronic liver disease and portal hypertension .As per a recently published institutional study, variceal bleed constituted 45.7% of UGI bleed (11). Morbidity and mortality associated with UGI bleed are significantly high.Variceal bleed is becoming a major concern in tertiarycare centers and carries a higher mortality as compared to non variceal bleed(12 ).Clinical severity of UGI bleed may vary from being insignificant to fatal. Mortality from UGI bleed may vary from 2 to 5% where as it around 10-30% in cases of re-bleed (12). Prompt UGI endoscopic procedure is diagnostic as well as therapeutic which should be done ideally within first 24hrsalong with airway, volume and blood resuscitative measures (13).High dose proton pump inhibitors(PPI) are used for non-variceal bleed where as splanchnic vasoconstrictorsare used in variceal bleed along with endoscopic procedure like injection of Epinephrine, Sclerosants, application of haemostatic material like hemoclips/endoclips, over the scope clips, glue or tissue adhesive, haemostatic powder/spray. Beside these endoscopic bipolar electro coagulation, heater probe coagulation, argon plasma coagulator, laser photocoagulation can also be done as and when required. For variceal bleed endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL) is the main stay of therapy. However routine use of antifibrinolytic agent hasn't been recommended in the guidelines for management of acute UGI bleed. Studies have shown that fibrinolysis may play an important role in GI bleeding dueto premature breakdown of fibrin blood clots at the bleeding site (14). Studies have also shown that many patients with acute UGI bleed have elevated levels of fibrin degradation products (a surrogate marker for fibrinolysis) and that is associated with worse outcomes (14). Fibrinolysisalso contributes to the risk of re-bleed.Literature review suggests that early administration ofTranexamic acid (TXA) reduces mortality due to bleeding in trauma patients (15) and effective in controlling bleeding in menorrhagia (16). Our own institutional study showed that TXA is effective as a bridging therapy in controlling bleeding from haemoptysis before definitive therapeutic intervention done (1). A systematic COCHRANE review of TXA in UGI bleed identified 7 trials (3). These trials showed statistically significant reduction in mortality and reduced need ofsurgical interventions in patients receiving TXA. However the trials had many fallacieslike small sample size, number of biases. The NICE guideline doesn't include TXA inthe management of GI bleed (4). So far studies on use of TXA in UGI bleed haven't been able to either recommend or refute the use of TXA in UGI bleed (3). There is also lack of study form India and the Southeast Asia regarding the efficacy of TXA in UGI bleed. TXA, an anti-fibrinolytic agent, inhibits fibrinolysis by displacing plasminogen from fibrin. So, TXA may have role in bleeding control and preventing re-bleed in acute UGI bleed by stabilization of the clot formation. This study will evaluate the efficacy of early administration of TXA in acute onset UGIbleed, in term of bleeding control, preventing re-bleeding and mortality.
Acute variceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage remains a hot potato in cirrhotic patients. The purpose of this study is to figure out whether urgent endoscopy (within 6h after gastroenterological consultation) is superior to non-urgent endoscopy (between 6h and 24h after gastroenterological consultation) in reducing re-bleeding for these patients. This is a single-centered, prospective, randomized, and controlled trial. 400 patients with suspected variceal bleeding will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive endoscopic intervention either within 6h or 6-24h. Randomization is conducted by permuted block randomization stratified by age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and pulse rate. The primary efficacy endpoint is rebleeding within 42 days after control of acute variceal bleeding. This trial will provide valuable insights into the efficacy between the urgent endoscopy group and the non-urgent endoscopy group.
The authors hypothesize that in patients with iron deficiency anemia or gastrointestinal bleeding, pan-intestinal capsule endoscopy is a safe and well tolerated procedure that may improve diagnostic yield comparatively to the current standard invasive colonoscopy.
The presence of blood clot in stomach limited quality of endoscopic view ,which affect successful rate of hemostatic endoscopy in patient with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy of metoclopramide, as pro-kinetic agent ,for gastric visualization in the patient with acute UGIB; double-blind randomized controlled trial and two centers study. The patient were randomly assigned to receive either metoclopramide (10mg) intravenously or placebo before endoscopy 30-120 min. The primary endpoint was endoscopic yield, assessed by objective gastric visualized scoring systems. Secondary end points include duration of endoscope, technical success rate, the need for second-look EGD, units of blood transfusion, length of hospital stay and 30-day rebleeding rate.
This study examined long-term incidence rates of major bleeding associated with hepatectomy. The investigators used data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients who underwent hepatectomy between 2000 and 2012 were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Variables including gender, age, comorbidities, and prescribed medications were matched between cases and controls. A total of 1,053 patients with hepatectomy and 4,212 matched non-hepatectomy subjects were included in this study.
The Pure-Vu® System can be effectively used as a cleansing device in patients admitted with acute LGIB to the intensive care unit and the regular nurse floor (RNF) bypassing the need to administer an oral bowel preparation for adequate visualization and hence decreasing time to colonoscopy and improving diagnostic and therapeutic yield.
Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) require routine treatment with dual antiplatelet (DAPT) treatment, but with the high risk of bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common type of major bleeding. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is a high-risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding, with an incidence of about 50%. Foreign authoritative DAPT guidelines do not give individual guidance to Hp-infected patients. It is recommended that those with high bleeding risk should be combined with proton pump inhibitors (PPI), but long-term compliance with PPI is not ideal. Authoritative experts in China have agreed to recommend Hp detection and eradication therapy for DAPT patients, but loss of evidence. Vonoprazan is a novel potassium ion competitive acid blocker, based on Vonoprazan's dual Hp eradication therapy is simple and effective. Our team will conduct a multi-center, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial using a non-inferior design to compare the combination of Vonoprazan + amoxicillin combined with pantoprazole (PPI) for 6 months after PCI on the bleeding events of the digestive tract.