View clinical trials related to Eating Behavior.
Filter by:PRO-MENTAL is a non-interventional, prospective, observational study investigating longitudinal associations between diabetes distress, mental disorders, and glycemic outcomes in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study aims to determine mental health subtypes, trajectories, and patterns and to advance a precision medicine approach to improve mental health in people with diabetes through personalized care and interventions. A total of 1500 people with T1D or T2D will participate in the study, running over a 24-month period. Participants will be recruited at different levels of diabetes care including specialized centers and hospitals. The assessment includes a baseline assessment (clinical interview, questionnaire survey, and laboratory assessment) and four subsequent measurement time points - every six months - to a total period of two years. Each measurement time point includes an online questionnaire survey as well as a 14-day ambulatory assessment of daily mental and somatic variables (smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of daily sleep quality, mood, stress, and diabetes-related burdens/distress, as well as continuous glucose measurement (CGM) of daily glucose levels). The study uses precision monitoring to identify evidence-based subgroups of people with diabetes with regard to mental disorders/problems and glycemic outcome. Epidemiological data regarding prevalence and incidence rates of depression, anxiety, and eating disorders will be analyzed, and patient trajectories and patterns will be determined. The study also aims to shed more light on the mediating mechanisms between mental health and glycemic outcomes. The findings of the study will be used as the basis to develop a precision medicine approach with personalized interventions for specific sub-groups of people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
This study aimed to investigate whether Acceptance and Commitment Therapy/Training would be helpful to reduce weight-related experiential avoidance among individuals who reported weight concern
This study uses a Hybrid research design to assess the effectiveness and implementation of a preschool-based programme - the Appetite Toolbox - delivered by Early Childhood Educators to promote children's appetite awareness and eating regulation skills. Children, their caregivers and classroom teachers will be recruited across 18 classrooms from preschool childcare centers. Preschool educators will deliver the Appetite Toolbox over a period of six weeks. Using a waitlist-control design we will measure changes in children's appetite awareness and eating regulation skills in school and describe implementation outcomes, such as fidelity, acceptability, and feasibility of the programme.
The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the combined effects of sequential meal variety and portion size on food intake at a meal. Additionally, other individual characteristics will be examined for their influence on the effects of simultaneous variety and portion size on meal intake.
Chronic diseases are the leading health problem in Brazil and Canada. Such diseases share common risk factors in common, such as physical inactivity, poor diet, and smoking. This context requires a comprehensive approach to change these behavioural risk factors, aiming at the promotion of healthy lifestyles and the prevention of diseases. Although Brazil and Canada have significant differences, particularly in terms of socioeconomic factors, some similarities in the health domain allow both countries to mutually benefit from an exchange of knowledge. For instance, the newest version of Canada's dietary guidelines has incorporated several aspects presented in the pioneering evidence-based dietary guidelines for the Brazilian population, launched in 2014. Similarly, Brazil can greatly benefit if the country follows the Canadian lead in prioritizing investment in physical activity initiatives. The present project aims to verify the effectiveness of a Canadian program to change health behaviours, specifically physical inactivity, poor diet, and smoking, adapted for Brazilians. The project consists of a 12-week randomized controlled trial, based on education and behaviour change techniques focusing on physical activity, healthy eating habits, and smoking cessation. Pre-, post, and 3-month follow-up health and fitness assessments will evaluate respectively the initial condition of the participants, eventual changes and if the changes persist.
Mexico is going through a major environmental and nutritional crisis, which is related to unsustainable dietary behaviors. Sustainable diets could solve both problems together. However, in Mexico and the world, an intervention program oriented to promoting sustainable diets has not been designed. This study protocol aims to design a 3-stages, 15 weeks, sustainable-psycho-nutritional digital intervention program whose objective is to promote the adherence of the Mexican population to a sustainable diet and to evaluate its effects on dietary water and carbon footprints, metabolic biomarkers, and gut microbiota of this population. The behavior change wheel model and the guide for digital interventions design will be followed. In stage 1, the program will be designed using the sustainable diets model, and the behavior change wheel model. A sustainable food guide, sustainable recipes, and food plans as well as a mobile application will be developed. In stage 2, the intervention will be carried out for 7 weeks, and a follow-up period of 7 weeks, in a sample of Mexican young adults (18 to 35 years) randomly divided into an experimental group (n=50) and a control group (n=50). The nutritional care process model will be used. Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, dietary, environmental, socioeconomic level and cultural aspects, nutritional-sustainable knowledge, behavioral aspects, and physical activity will be considered. Thirteen behavioral objectives will be included using successive approaches in online workshops twice a week. The population will be monitored using the mobile application that will include behavioral change techniques. In stage 3, the effects of the intervention will be assessed on the dietary water and carbon footprint, lipid profile, serum glucose, and gut microbiota composition of the evaluated population. It is expected to find improvements in health outcomes and a decrease in dietary water and carbon footprints. With this study, the first theoretical-methodological approach to the sustainable-psycho-nutrition approach will be generated.
Children from rural communities are at greater risk for obesity than children from more urban communities. However, some children are resilient to obesity despite greater exposure to obesogenic influences in rural communities (e.g., fewer community-level physical activity or healthy eating resources). Identifying factors that promote this resiliency could inform obesity prevention. Eating habits are learned through reinforcement (e.g., hedonic, familial environment), the process through which environmental food cues become valued and influence behavior. Therefore, understanding individual differences in reinforcement learning is essential to uncovering the causes of obesity. Preclinical models have identified two reinforcement learning phenotypes that may have translational importance for understanding excess consumption in humans: 1) goal-tracking-environmental cues have predictive value; and 2) sign-tracking-environmental cues have predictive and hedonic value (i.e., incentive salience). Sign-tracking is associated with poorer attentional control, greater impulsivity, and lower prefrontal cortex (PFC) engagement in response to reward cues. This parallels neurocognitive deficits observed in pediatric obesity (i.e., worse impulsivity, lower PFC food cue reactivity). The proposed research aims to determine if reinforcement learning phenotype (i.e., sign- and goal-tracking) is 1) associated with adiposity due to its influence on neural food cue reactivity and 2) associated with reward-driven overconsumption and meal intake due to its influence on eating behaviors. The investigators hypothesize that goal-tracking will promote resiliency to obesity due to: 1) reduced attribution of incentive salience and greater PFC engagement to food cues; and 2) reduced reward-driven overconsumption. Finally, the investigators hypothesize reinforcement learning phenotype will be associated due to its influence on eating behaviors associated with overconsumption (e.g., larger bites, faster bite rat and eating sped). To test this hypothesis, the investigators will enroll 76, 8-9-year-old children, half with healthy weight and half with obesity based on Centers for Disease Control definitions. Methods will include computer tasks to assess reinforcement learning, dual x-ray absorptiometry to assess adiposity, and neural food cue reactivity from functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
As individuals tend to eat a constant weight or volume of food, manipulating physical and energy densities generally results in changes in energy intake without affecting subjective appetite sensations. However, relatively few studies have directly studied the interaction between physical and energy density manipulation. This study will determine the effects of foods that systematically vary in physical and energy density on ad libitum energy intake and subjective appetite ratings. Secondary outcomes will include gastrointestinal discomfort, fatigue and acceptability.
The current project applies an integrative three-prong approach to investigate the potential of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) agonist bromocriptine to: 1) increase homeostatic satiation signaling, 2) alter neural circuitry to reduce hedonically motivated food intake, and 3) examines a genetic predisposition that may markedly impact the effectiveness of this medication in those at high risk for T2DM.
Reducing food portion size is a potential strategy to reduce energy intake. However, it remains unclear who is most susceptible to the portion size effect (PSE). There are just two studies which have examined the PSE in the context of socioeconomic position (SEP), with mixed findings. In an online trial the PSE on intended consumption of unhealthy snacks was 18-24% larger for participants of lower SEP compared to participants of higher SEP. However, in a recent laboratory study which examined the PSE on total daily energy intake, participants of lower SEP were no more susceptible to the influence of portion size on eating behaviour than participants of higher SEP. Further research is required to elucidate these divergent findings. There is also an absence of evidence examining the moderating role of subjective social status (SSS) - an individual's perceived standing in society - on the PSE. Given evidence that the subjective experience of social class may be associated with health outcomes, the present study examines whether reductions to the portion size reduces daily energy intake, and whether and how SSS (higher vs lower) moderates the PSE. In a crossover experiment, participants will be served all meals in the lab on two separate days, with the portion size of main components at breakfast, lunch and dinner manipulated (i.e. smaller on one day vs larger on the other day). All other foods offered are identical. Food intake from the portion-manipulated breakfast, lunch and dinner, as well as all other meal components (non-portion-manipulated sides, dessert, seconds, snacks, etc.) will be measured, to assess total daily energy intake (kcal).