View clinical trials related to Disease.
Filter by:Background The purpose of the present controlled clinical trial was to assess the effect of a single 60 min application of transcutaneous electrical nervous stimulation (TENS) at sensory stimulation threshold (STS), compared to the application of motor stimulation threshold (MTS) as well as to untreatment, on the surface electromyographic (sEMG) and kinesiographic activity of patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Methods Sixty female subjects, selected according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, suffering from unilateral TMD in remission were assigned to MTS, STS or untreatment. Pre- and post-treatment differences in the sEMG activity of temporalis anterior (TA), masseter (MM), digastric (DA) and sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCM), as well in the interocclusal distance (ID), within group were tested using the Wilcoxon test, while differences among groups were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis test; the level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.01.
Building on the recent advances in telephone supported care, clinical monitoring, and outreach work, the specific aims of the study are to: 1. Develop RecoveryTrack™- ExtendedCare (RT-E), a modified/new version of RecoveryTrack™. The investigators will adapt and finalize the original Web-based RT system, manual, and training to accommodate use by counselors for clients who are no longer attending Outpatient (OP) treatment. 2. Conduct a pilot study to determine the preliminary efficacy of RT-E compared to treatment as usual (TAU) for clients entering Intensive Outpatient (IOP) substance abuse treatment (SAT). In this randomized clinical trial, it is hypothesized that RT-E will positively impact treatment attendance and substance use outcomes. In exploratory analyses, the investigators will also evaluate the comparative impact of RT-E versus TAU on HIV related client behaviors. 3. Evaluate feasibility and counselor and client acceptability of RT-E. 4. Conduct preliminary cost and cost effectiveness analyses comparing RT-E to TAU. Hypothesis 1: RT-E clients will attend more days of OP treatment than TAU clients. The investigators will compare the two groups on monthly treatment attendance for months 1 through 9. We expect a main effect of group with RT-E clients displaying more attendance than TAU clients. Hypothesis 2: RT-E clients will have higher rates of abstinence than TAU clients. The investigators will compare abstinence rates at months 3, 6, and 9. Abstinence is a binary variable based on both biological test results and self-reported substance use from the Addiction Severity Index, Version 6 (ASI6). We expect a main effect of group with RT-E clients displaying higher rates of abstinence than TAU clients. Secondary Analyses: HIV Risk Scores: The investigators will compare the two groups' Risk Assessment Battery (RAB) HIV risk scores (i.e., total, sex, drug) at month 9. Use of HIV specialist services: Client attendance charts will be reviewed to compare the two groups on the number of times clients met with a program HIV Specialist at month 9. Multidimensional Outcomes: The investigators will compare RT-E and TAU clients on multidimensional outcomes using ASI6 summary scores at months 3, 6, and 9.
The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of two evidence-based intervention strategies of SBIRT (Generalist vs. Specialist) for adolescent alcohol, tobacco, other drug use, and HIV risk behaviors.
Psychological therapies for depression have demonstrated efficacy, but outcomes are still unsatisfactory, especially in cases with high comorbidity. Depression and anxiety co-occur in up to 69-75% of teens and intensify functional impairment and service use. This study will develop treatment materials for a transdiagnostic Group Behavioral Activation Therapy (GBAT) and conduct a pilot waitlist-controlled school-based study with 35 7th and 8th grade boys and girls with co-occurring depression and anxiety. Multi-reporter, multi-domain assessments will be conducted at initial screening, pre- and post-treatment, and 4-month follow-up. BA is a straightforward, but flexible and robust, therapy that has demonstrated strong results in adults. Current formulations of BA highlight the specific role of avoidance in depressotypic behavior. It presumes that anhedonia, isolation, and negative behaviors associated with depression function to avoid imminent distress even as it blocks access to otherwise available positive reinforcement. This study will therefore employ novel electronic diary technology to obtain Ecological Momentary Assessment and evaluate: (a) the function of avoidance in distinguishing youth with depression (n=35) from a non-clinical comparison group (n=18), and (b) the role of avoidance in mediating treatment gains in participants in the GBAT intervention.
The rate of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is at least 2-3 times higher in persons with psychotic illnesses than in the general population. Life expectancy of individuals with psychosis is also 20-25 years less than the general population, primarily due to premature onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite the high risk for T2DM and CVD, psychotic illness has been an exclusion criterion in all large-scale studies of diabetes prevention and management. We propose a 3-year randomized controlled trial examining the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention (LI) aimed at reducing caloric intake and increasing physical activity in overweight or obese individuals (N=150) suffering from both a psychotic illness and T2DM. Weight and glycemic control will be the primary outcome variables. It is hypothesized that a significant weight reduction and improvement in glycemic control will be found in those who receive the LI relative to those who do not.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether metformin is safe and effective in the treatment of weight or weight gain in young people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) who are currently taking atypical antipsychotic medication.
This Stage II randomized trial tests Culturally Informed & Flexible Family Based Treatment for Adolescents (CIFFTA) developed as part of a Stage I treatment development effort and yielding promising preliminary findings. Drug use rates are highest among Hispanic middle school youth and to date no treatments have met criteria for "Well Established" in the treatment of substance abuse in Hispanic adolescents. Further treatment for Hispanic youth and families is complicated by the fact that these families often differ from mainstream populations in culture-related values, beliefs and behaviors that can directly impact engagement, retention, and efficacy/effectiveness of drug treatment. Our efforts to develop a more powerful treatment capable of addressing these issues began with a Stage 1 study that led to the development of a multi-component treatment that includes a flexible manual that allows treatment tailoring to the unique characteristics of individual families. CIFFTA integrates innovative culturally-based, individually-based, and family-based components to: 1) reduce maladaptive family processes (e.g., poor parenting practices, family conflict) and increase family protective factors (e.g., strong parent-child attachment), 2) teach adolescents skills to effectively manage interpersonal conflicts and stressors and to increase motivation to change, 3) deliver psycho-educational and culturally congruent material (e.g., modules on immigration stressors) to youth and parents both separately and together, and 4) deliver the intervention using a flexible treatment manual that allows the clinician to tailor the treatment (e.g., by selecting the most relevant psycho-educational modules and themes) to the unique characteristics and needs of the Hispanic family. This Stage II randomized trial randomizes 220 Hispanic adolescents ages 14-17 who meet DSM-IV criteria for Substance Abuse to a 4-month treatment of either CIFFTA or Traditional Family Therapy. The study tests CIFFTA's efficacy in impacting drug use, risky sexual behavior, and other severe behavior problems, and hypothesized mechanisms of change, in a larger and more rigorous Stage II trial. Assessments occur at baseline, 4 months post baseline (end of treatment), 10 months post baseline and 16 months post baseline. Should this line of research continue to be successful, it has the potential to contribute to the field a highly innovative and efficacious treatment for Hispanic drug abusing adolescents, a better understanding of mechanisms of treatment efficacy, and also a framework for future flexible and tailored treatments that can be used to better address the unique needs of other special populations.
Major depressive episodes (MDEs) occur frequently during the course of psychotic disorders, and several antidepressive agents have been successfully applied. The new melatonergic antidepressant agomelatine (AGO) appears promising for the treatment of MDEs in schizophrenia for several reasons. The investigators plan to test the efficacy and tolerability of AGO for antidepressive treatment in schizophrenia. For this task, the investigators plan to enrol 27 schizophrenic patients into an open, single-armed, prospective clinical trial with agomelatine.
The research evaluates the use of online versions of delivering an effective psychological treatment for children clinically referred for serious oppositional, aggressive, and antisocial behavior. The goal is to develop models of delivery that reach families in need that are not being served by in-person treatment. The project has immediate implications for the treatment of children but more generally addresses several issues critical to treatments that are based on Internet, telepsychiatry, and related technologies.
The investigators are doing this study to see if "positive psychology" can help adults with depression or bipolar disorder. Positive psychology involves exercises—short tasks—that try to increase good feelings and emotions, like optimism, happiness, personal strengths, and well-being. Positive psychology exercises might include imagining a bright future, being grateful for good events, forgiving others, and doing kind acts for others. The investigators want to see if practicing positive psychology exercises after leaving the hospital can increase feelings of hope, optimism, and positive thinking. The investigators are asking you to take part in this research study because you are in the hospital for depression or bipolar disorder. This research study will compare "positive psychology exercises" to "control condition exercises." During the study, you may take part in control condition exercises instead of positive psychology exercises.