View clinical trials related to Diet, Healthy.
Filter by:Severe mental illnesses (SMI), such as schizophrenia, are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in large part due to obesity and concomitant metabolic disorders. People with SMI have twice the risk of becoming obese, driven by the use of antipsychotic medications. These antipsychotic medications are dopamine antagonists, which reduce brain dopamine levels, leading to an increase in food reinforcement, which leads to weight gain. This weight gain occurs very rapidly with the initiation of these medications, as do increases in LDL cholesterol, insulin, and leptin. While there have been attempts to develop weight loss programs, a recent meta-analysis concluded that these interventions led to statistically significant weight loss that was of no clinical significance and did not last beyond the intervention. Given the rapid weight gain/metabolic changes and the findings that it is easier to prevent weight gain than to lose weight, interventions targeting the early phases of a first episode of psychosis (FEP) are critical. However, the very few attempts have failed to address two key aspects of first episode psychosis. First, antipsychotic medications increase the reinforcing value of food and interventions have not included strategies to provide alternative reinforcements. Second, most patients experiencing FEP live with and are dependent on their parents, but existing interventions have not utilized parents in support of exercise and dietary changes. The purpose of this project is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of, and to provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of a Family-Based Treatment (FBT) that includes both the patient and the parent in the intervention and provides structured help in developing alternative reinforcements that support exercise and dietary changes. The specific aims of this project are: 1. Recruit and provide FBT to 12 FEP patients and their parents using a multiple baseline single case experimental design; 2. Evaluate participation, attrition, and satisfaction of the patients and their families across the three month treatment period; 3. Examine the hypothesis that weight and food reinforcement will be significantly reduced during the treatment and follow-up phases in contrast to the baseline period.
Reducing food portion size is a potential strategy to reduce energy intake. There is some evidence to suggest that individuals with lower socioeconomic position (SEP) intend to eat more from larger portions, suggesting that the effect of portion size on food intake might vary by SEP. However, no study has tested this by measuring actual food intake. This study examines whether reductions to the portion size of components of a main meal will reduce daily energy intake, and whether and how socioeconomic position (higher vs lower) moderates the portion size effect. In a crossover experiment, participants will be served all meals in the lab on two separate days, with the portion size of main meal components at lunch and dinner manipulated (i.e. smaller on one day vs larger on the other day). All other foods offered are identical. Food intake from the portion-manipulated lunch and dinner, as well as all other meal components (breakfast, dessert, seconds, snacks) will be measured, and any additional food consumed by the participant will be measured using self-report, giving total daily energy intake (kcal).
To investigate the health effects of a new mobile application (app) for prevention and personalized treatment in people with chronic cardiovascular pathologies associated with body composition.
In a double-blind, repeated single-arm trial, 8 healthy adults consumed 20 grams of formula that contain 60.2% inulin (w/w) dissolved in 100 ml of water. Blood glucose was measured in fasted participants and at, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after starting to eat a prepared meal (470 Kcal). As supplementation controls, the investigators used the vehicle-glucose, dextrose, isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO), or the combination of IMO and Inulin solution 20% (w/v).
A 2-arm randomised control trial (with and without labels) will be conducted to test the effects of an environmental label on food choices in a virtual supermarket. A sample of 130 participants will take part in two shopping tasks: 1/ selection of 3 products to prepare a home-made dish, and 2/ selection of a ready-to-eat dish. These two tasks will be repeated for two scenarios: 1/ participants will be asked to select the foods for usual meals, and 2/ participants will be asked to select the foods for environmentally-friendly meals. This experimental design will allow to compare food choices in the presence vs. the absence of an environmental label and to investigate whether the label is informative and likely to help individuals to choose more environmental-friendly food options when explicitly asked to do so.
This study will examine the effectiveness of a structural intervention (baseline proportion of lower energy ready meals vs increased proportion of lower energy ready meals) on calories (kcal) ordered and consumed. The study will use a within-subjects design, meaning all participants will be exposed to both conditions (baseline vs increased lower energy meal menus). The procedure will involve participants placing orders for supermarket ready meals, which are then delivered to their homes for their consumption. This study will also investigate whether the effectiveness of the intervention varies, depending on socioeconomic position (SEP). The primary hypothesis is that increasing proportion of lower energy options will decrease total kcal ordered and consumed, and that there will be no difference between higher and lower SEP. To address the limited evidence on longer term impacts of dietary interventions on daily energy intake, the present study will also examine post-meal energy consumption up to midnight on the following day. Finally, this study will explore the psychological processes that might underlie the effectiveness of the intervention among individuals with higher and lower SEP; namely, food choice motives, satiety responsiveness, plate clearing tendencies, and food waste concerns.
Insulin Resistance is one of the common complications that occur during pregnancy. Early intervention is essential to prevent the development of the diseaseThere is evidence that physical inactivity increases the risk of a lot of adverse health problems, including coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breast and colon cancers. It also shortens life expectancy. Pregnancy is a period in the life of women that is often associated with decreased daily physical activity and decreased participation in sports and exercise . In the first few weeks of pregnancy, maternal carbohydrate metabolism is affected by a rise in maternal levels of estrogen and progesterone that stimulates pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia and insulin secretion. As pregnancy progress, pancreatic islet cell hypertrophy continues and there is an increased insulin response to glucose or meal stimulation.
The investigators are interested in maximizing the consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) in elementary school children by increasing the access to F&V by providing them in the home environment via direct delivery (F&V bag & recipes) and a gift card to purchase preferred choices. This also decreases barriers to trying F&V and switching to a more F&V-focused diet, e.g., access, cost, knowledge of what to do with fruits and vegetables by their families in household diet, and a period of time to try and get used to more F&V in the diet without worrying about access and cost. We hypothesize that at the end of 4 weeks, children in families that were given access to a F&V produce box with associated recipes, a gift card to purchase preferred choices, and a cooking incentive kit, consumed significantly better diets as measured with a diet composite score compared with children in families who did not receive increased F&V access.
The aim of this study is to explore the interplay between environmental (abiotic) factors in the gut and the gut microbiota composition, diversity and metabolism. Such insights could help us understand personal responses to diets and be a first step towards personalized dietary recommendations targeting the gut microbiome.
Primary Objective: Test feasibility and acceptability of a 24-week community-based lifestyle intervention to improve cardiovascular health among African American males. Secondary Objectives: 1) Navigate participants to establish primary care and address social and patient activation needs that present barriers to wellness; 2) Examine changes in cardiovascular health as per American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 Metrics including blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, smoking, body mass index, physical activity and dietary intake (1); and 3) Increase African American male participation in clinical trials.