The Relationship Between Diaphragm Muscle Thickness and Fibromyalgia

Depression Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Relationship Between Diaphragm Muscle Thickness and Anxiety, Depression and Activities of Daily Living in Fibromyalgia Patients

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06396949
• Other study ID #: 97
• Status: Recruiting
• Start date: December 15, 2023
• Est. completion date: May 15, 2024

Study information

• Verified date: January 2024
• Source: Gaziosmanpasa Research and Education Hospital
• Contact: Deniz Oke, MD
• Phone: +90 532 430 69 50
• Email: dr_denizoke[@]hotmail.com
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Fibromyalgia syndrome is characterized by chronic pain, fatigue, sleep problems and functional symptoms. Fatigue, anxiety and depression disorders, poor quality of life, sleep disorders, decreased concentration, and impaired cognitive functions are non-specific pain-related symptoms.

Various studies have reported decreased chest expansion, maximal ventilatory volume and maximal expiratory pressure in fibromyalgia patients with widespread body pain. Additionally, dyspnea is a symptom associated with respiratory muscle weakness and is associated with general fatigue. In these individuals, lower data are obtained in daily living activities and general health evaluation surveys. We did not find any study in the literature regarding the relationship between diaphragm thickness and fibromyalgia symptoms. In the light of these data, we aimed to evaluate the thickness of the diaphragm, one of the most important inspiratory muscles, in fibromyalgia patients.

Description:

Demographic information of all individuals included in the study will be collected. Daily living activity will be evaluated with Short Form-36 (SF-36), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) and Beck Depression Inventory. In order to evaluate the respiratory function test in both the fibromyalgia and control groups, three consecutive measurements will be taken with a hand spirometer and the arithmetic average of these three measurements will be recorded. In fibromyalgia and control patients, diaphragm thickness was measured at 8-9 degrees on the right anterior axillary line with a 6-14 Mhz linear, conventional ultrasound probe (Mindray DC-8, Shenzen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics CO. LTD., P.R. China) in the supine position. It will be measured at the end of inspiration and expiration from the intercostal space. Three measurements will be made and the arithmetic average will be evaluated.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 45
• Est. completion date: May 15, 2024
• Est. primary completion date: April 30, 2024
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 50 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the 2016 ACR (American College of Rheumatology) diagnostic criteria without any comorbidities (such as liver, kidney failure, DM, rheumatic disease)

• Patients who underwent Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

• Patients without pulmonary disease

• 18 -50 years old women and men

Exclusion Criteria:

• Congenital spinal, costal and diaphragmatic anomalies neuromuscular disease

• Respiratory system diseases that affect lung functions

• Patients who cannot cooperate with spirometry.

• Having surgery to the chest wall or spine

• Those with BMI > 25

• Those with liver, kidney failure, DM, rheumatic disease, neurological disease

• Individuals < 18 years and > 50 years old

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Diaphragm Issues
• Fibromyalgia
• Myofascial Pain Syndromes

Intervention

Diagnostic Test:
• Fibromyalgia study form
Fibromyalgia study form, consisting of clinical measurement, Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ), Beck Anxiety Questionnaire and Beck Depression Questionnaire, Short-Form (SF)-36, who applied to the outpatient clinic with fibromyalgia will be filled in detail.
• Pulmonary function test
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are noninvasive tests that show how well the lungs are working. The tests measure lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange. This information can help your healthcare provider diagnose and decide the treatment of certain lung disorders. The investigators will use handheld spirometry device for measurement. Three measurements will be made. In these three measurements; FEV1(Forced Expiratory Volume In One Second)(L), FEV1 (%predicted), FVC (Forced Vital Capacity) (L), FVC (%predicted), FEV1/FVC (%) and FEV1/FVC (%predicted) will be evaluated. The arithmetic average of the results of these three measurements will be taken.
• Ultrasonographic Diaphragm Thickness Measurement
Diaphragm thickness (millimeter-mm) will be measured in the supine position with a 6-14 Mhz lineer, conventional ultrasound probe (Mindray DC-8, Shenzen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics CO. LTD.,P.R. China) at the end of inspiration and expiration from the intercostal space on the anterior axillary line. The measurements will be evaluated by making three measurements from the right 8-9. intercostal space where the diaphragm is best visualized. End-expiratory (Forced residual capacity-FRC) (millimeter-mm), end-inspiratory (Total Lung Capacity) (millimeter-mm) and thickening rate (%) (thickness TLC / thickness FRC) will be evaluated three times and the arithmetic average of these three measurements will be taken.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Turkey	Deniz Oke	Istanbul	Gaziosmanpasa

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Gaziosmanpasa Research and Education Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Turkey, 

References & Publications (6)

Alciati A, Nucera V, Masala IF, Giallanza M, La Corte L, Giorgi V, Sarzi-Puttini P, Atzeni F. One year in review 2021: fibromyalgia. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2021 May-Jun;39 Suppl 130(3):3-12. doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/gz4i3i. Epub 2021 May 13. — View Citation

Noda Y, Sekiguchi K, Kohara N, Kanda F, Toda T. Ultrasonographic diaphragm thickness correlates with compound muscle action potential amplitude and forced vital capacity. Muscle Nerve. 2016 Apr;53(4):522-7. doi: 10.1002/mus.24902. Epub 2015 Oct 10. — View Citation

Ortiz-Rubio A, Torres-Sanchez I, Cabrera-Martos I, Lopez-Lopez L, Rodriguez-Torres J, Granados-Santiago M, Valenza MC. Respiratory disturbances in fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case control studies. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2021 Sep — View Citation

Sarzi-Puttini P, Giorgi V, Atzeni F, Gorla R, Kosek E, Choy EH, Bazzichi L, Hauser W, Ablin JN, Aloush V, Buskila D, Amital H, Da Silva JAP, Perrot S, Morlion B, Polati E, Schweiger V, Coaccioli S, Varrassi G, Di Franco M, Torta R, Oien Forseth KM, Manner — View Citation

Tomas-Carus P, Biehl-Printes C, Del Pozo-Cruz J, Parraca JA, Folgado H, Perez-Sousa MA. Effects of respiratory muscle training on respiratory efficiency and health-related quality of life in sedentary women with fibromyalgia: a randomised controlled trial — View Citation

Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, Katz RS, Mease P, Russell AS, Russell IJ, Winfield JB, Yunus MB. The American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity. Arthritis Care Re — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Fibromyalgia study form	Fibromyalgia study form, consisting of clinical measurement (2016 ACR (American College of Rheumatology) fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria, Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ), Beck Anxiety Questionnaire and Beck Depression Questionnaire, Short-Form (SF)-36), who applied to the outpatient clinic with fibromyalgia will be filled in detail.	Within 1 month of applying to the outpatient clinic
Primary	Pulmonary function test	The investigators will use handheld spirometry device for measurement. Three measurements will be made. In these three measurements; FEV1(Forced Expiratory Volume In One Second)(L), FEV1 (%predicted), FVC (Forced Vital Capacity) (L), FVC (%predicted), FEV1/FVC (%) and FEV1/FVC (%predicted) will be evaluated. The arithmetic average of the results of these three measurements will be taken.	Within 1 month of applying to the outpatient clinic
Primary	Ultrasonographic Diaphragm Thickness Measurement	Diaphragm thickness (millimeter-mm) will be measured in the supine position with a 6-14 Mhz lineer, conventional ultrasound probe (Mindray DC-8, Shenzen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics CO. LTD.,P.R. China) at the end of inspiration and expiration from the intercostal space on the anterior axillary line. The measurements will be evaluated by making three measurements from the right 8-9. intercostal space where the diaphragm is best visualized. End-expiratory (Forced residual capacity-FRC) (millimeter-mm), end-inspiratory (Total Lung Capacity) (millimeter-mm) and thickening rate (%) (thickness TLC / thickness FRC) (percentage) will be evaluated three times and the arithmetic average of these three measurements will be taken.	Within 1 month of applying to the outpatient clinic
Primary	Fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria	2016 revised American College of Rheumatology fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria; A patient satisfies the modified 2016 fibromyalgia criteria if the following three conditions are met: 1. Widespread pain index (WPI) =7 and symptom severity scale (SSS) score =5, or WPI of 4~6 and SSS score =9. 2. Generalized pain, defined as pain in at least four of five regions, must be present. Jaw, chest, and abdominal pain are excluded from the generalized pain definition. 3. Symptoms have been generally present for at least 3 months. 4. A diagnosis of fibromyalgia is valid irrespective of other diagnoses. A diagnosis of fibromyalgia does not exclude the presence of other clinically important illnesses.	Within 1 month of applying to the outpatient clinic
Primary	Fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria-Widespread pain index (WPI)	Ascertainment; 1. WPI: note the number of areas in which the patient has had pain over the past week. In how many areas has the patient had pain? Score will be between 0 and 19 (Region 1) (Left upper region); jaw, left shoulder girdle, left upper arm, left lower arm, (Region 2) (Right upper region); jaw, right shoulder girdle, right upper arm, right lower arm, (Region 3) (Left lower region); hip (buttock, trochanter), left upper leg, left lower leg, (Region 4) (Right lower region); hip (buttock, trochanter), right upper leg, right lower leg and (Region 5) (Axial region); neck, upper back, lower back, chest, abdomen	Within 1 month of applying to the outpatient clinic
Primary	Fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria-Symptom severity scale (SSS)	2. SSS score Fatigue Waking unrefreshed Cognitive symptoms For each of the three symptoms above, indicate the level of severity over the past week using the following scale: 0=no problem 1=slight or mild problems, generally mild or intermittent 2=moderate, considerable problems, often present and/or at a moderate level 3=severe: pervasive, continuous, life-disturbing problems The SSS score is the sum of the severity scores of the three symptoms (fatigue, waking unrefreshed, and cognitive symptoms) (0~9), plus the sum (0~3) of the number of the following symptoms the patient has been bothered by that occurred during the previous 6 months: 1.Headaches (0~1) 2. Pain or cramps in lower abdomen (0~1) 3. Depression (0~1). The final symptom severity score is between 0 and 12 The fibromyalgia severity scale is the sum of the WPI and SSS	Within 1 month of applying to the outpatient clinic
Secondary	Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire	The FIQ is an assessment and evaluation instrument developed to measure fibromyalgia (FM) patient status, progress and outcomes. The FIQ is composed of 10 items. The first item contains 11 questions related to physical functioning - each question is rated on a 4 point Likert type scale. Items 2 and 3 ask the patient to mark the number of days they felt well and the number of days they were unable to work (including housework) because of fibromyalgia symptoms. Items 4 through 10 are horizontal linear scales marked in 10 increments on which the patient rates work difficulty, pain, fatigue, morning tiredness, stiffness, anxiety and depression. The FIQ is scored in such a way that a higher score indicates a greater impact of the syndrome on the person. Thus the maximum possible score is 100. The average FM patient scores about 50, severely afflicted patients are usually 70 plus.	Within 1 month of applying to the outpatient clinic
Secondary	Beck Anxiety Inventory	The BAI is a rating scale used to evaluate the severity of anxiety symptoms. The scale was developed by Aaron T Beck, MD.The BAI contains 21 self-report items. The items reflect symptoms of anxiety, including: numbness or tingling, feeling hot, wobbliness in legs, ability to relax, fear of the worst happening, dizziness or lightheadedness, pounding or racing heart, unsteadiness, feeling terrified, feeling nervous, feeling of choking, hands trembling, feeling shaky, fear of losing control, difficulty breathing, fear of dying, feeling scared, indigestion or abdominal discomfort, faintness, face flushing, and sweating. Each item allows the patient four choices from no symptom to severe symptom. For each item, the patient is asked to report how he or she has felt during the past week. The items are scored as 0, 1, 2, or 3. The score range is 0-63. A total score of 0-7 is considered minimal range, 8-15 is mild, 16-25 is moderate, and 26-63 is severe.	Within 1 month of applying to the outpatient clinic
Secondary	Beck Depression Inventory	The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-rated scale that evaluates key symptoms of depression including mood, pessimism, sense of failure, self-dissatisfaction, guilt, punishment, self-dislike, self-accusation, suicidal ideas, crying, irritability, social withdrawal, indecisiveness, body image change, work difficulty, insomnia, fatigability, loss of appetite, weight loss, somatic preoccupation, and loss of libido. Individual scale items are scored on a 4-point continuum (0=least, 3=most), with a total summed score range of 0-63. Higher scores indicate greater depressive severity	Within 1 month of applying to the outpatient clinic
Secondary	Short Form- 36 (SF-36)	The SF-36 is a health status profile originally designed to measure health status of patients and outcomes of patients.The 36 questions on the SF-36 are meant to reflect 8 domains of health, including physical functioning, physical role, pain, general health, vitality, social function, emotional role, and mental health. The categories of physical role and emotional role reflect performance at the activity and participation levels.To score the SF-36, scales are standardized with a scoring algorithm or by the SF-36v2 scoring software to obtain a score ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better health status, and a mean score of 50 has been articulated as a normative value for all scales.	Within 1 month of applying to the outpatient clinic