There are about 3285 clinical studies being (or have been) conducted in Pakistan. The country of the clinical trial is determined by the location of where the clinical research is being studied. Most studies are often held in multiple locations & countries.
The investigators hypothesize that spatial analysis of the location data of ambulance calls can improve prehospital care provided by Aman Foundation in Karachi, Pakistan by decreasing ambulance response times for high acuity patients. In Aim 1, the investigators will develop a conceptual framework for prehospital care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to anchor this project in Aims 2 and 3. In Aim 2, the investigators will analyze the location of calls to identify geographic areas with delayed responses for patients with higher severity of illness. As part of their quality assurance/quality improvement practices, Aman Foundation routinely collects location data from GPS devices in their ambulances for each call. Based on the analyses in Aim 2, in Aim 3 the investigators will position ambulances where there are clusters of delayed ambulance calls for high acuity patients to improve response times. This period will be compared with a previous, control period and will be analyzed to identify possible new clusters.
Diabetes is a common disease which has been treated by traditional medicines for centuries before modern medicine became available. A very common remedy for Diabetes Mellitus in different cultures is momordica charantia (karela or Bitter gourd). The use of alternative medicine is common among Pakistani population. This study was planned to find out the effect of administering freeze dried powder of momordica charantia for three weeks on the glycemic profile and insulin resistance of treatment naiive patients with mild Type 2 diabetes.