There are about 189 clinical studies being (or have been) conducted in Ecuador. The country of the clinical trial is determined by the location of where the clinical research is being studied. Most studies are often held in multiple locations & countries.
The EUS-guided combined therapy of coilingand 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate in patients with gastric varices reduced rebleeding and need for reintervention in comparison to EUS-guided coiling alone.The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of the primary prophylaxis of GOV II and IGV I with the EUS combined therapy versus beta blocker therapy in patients GOV II and IGV that have never bleed.
This protocol reflects the first part of a larger mixed-methods study aimed at exploring the process by which global recommendations can be translated into context-specific, evidence-informed action for diabetes prevention in low-resource settings. The CEAD project will be carried out in 2 low-resource settings in Ecuador. Here, in recognition that rigorous epidemiological data on diabetes risk and morbidity is needed to explore applicability of potential actions, the investigators will undertake 2 representative cross-sectional population survey using geospatial sampling. We will collect dat by interview in the homes of the participants using WHO STEPS questionnaires and measure participants' physical and biological parameters.
Child stunting and micronutrient deficiencies are a major problem in developing countries, affecting millions of children. Beginning at 6 months children need foods to complement nutrients received through breastfeeding; however, complementary feeding diets are well-documented to be inadequate in the developing world. Eggs, which are widely available and low-cost relative to other highly nutritious foods are underutilized and could potentially improve child growth and development. Prior to the Lulun Project RCT, no research had been conducted to evaluate their efficacy in improving micronutrient status. Lulun filled an important gap in the literature by examining, through a randomized controlled trial, the effect of egg consumption on biochemical markers of choline, vitamin B12, lipids, and amino acids in young children in a poor rural area of Ecuador. However, there is still scarce data on how early child complementary feeding interventions, such as the Lulun egg intervention, might impact child growth long-term. This study will be designed as a follow-up cohort study to the Lulun Project RCT conducted in Cotopaxi Province from March-December 2015. The proposed follow-up study will investigate the potential long-term impacts of the egg intervention on child growth. Children and mother (caregiver) dyads with endline anthropometric measures from Lulun Project will be invited to participate in the follow-up study. Data will be collected on demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental information, morbidities, and child diet (including egg preparation and consumption), as well as child anthropometry (height, weight, head circumference). Additionally, the study will pilot test and compare radiographic measures of child bone maturity and organ size (kidney, liver, and spleen) using an app-based ultrasound. Investigators from Universidad de San Franscisco de Quito (USFQ), Washington University in St. Louis, and Mathile Institute will collaborate to conduct the study. This project will also include a gender assessment component designed to ascertain how gender norms may affect prospects for successful scale up of smallholder poultry production. To this end, qualitative data will be collected from a small sample of participating mothers (caregivers) and key community stakeholders, in the form of in-depth interviews and/or focus groups.
Colonoscopy is the standard of care for the detection of colorectal polyps and adenoma, and colorectal cancer detection. Despite a meticulous evaluation of the colonic mucosa during colonoscopy, a substantial number of colorectal polyps might be missed and colorectal cancer might not be prevented. Previous studies described a 12-28% of miss-rate for all polyps, a 31% for hyperplastic polyps and 6-27% for adenomas, with a higher miss rate noted for smaller polyps. The lesion missing rate depends on several factors, such as the location on difficult areas to be evaluated with conventional colonoscopes (the proximal side of the ileocecal valve, haustral folds, flexures or rectal valves), a flat shape, an inadequate bowel preparation and inadequate endoscopy technique, a time-limited colonoscope withdrawal. If the standard 140º angle of view colonoscope is used approximately 13% of the colonic surface is unevaluated. The incorporation of colonoscopes with a 170-degree wide angled could improve adenoma detection rate. The introduction of high definition (HD) colonoscopes and visual image enhancement technologies, such as narrow band imaging (NBI, Olympus America, Center Valley, PA), I-SCAN™ (Pentax Medical, Montvale, NJ) and Fuji Intelligent Chromo-Endoscopy (FICE™, Fujinon Endoscopy, Wayne, NJ) have improved the lesion characterization; however, several studies have failed to prove an increase in the adenoma detection rates. The Third Eye Retroscope (Avantis Medical Systems, Sunnyvale, CA) is a disposable retrograde viewing device advanced through the accessory channel of a standard colonoscope. It allows retrograde viewing behind colonic folds and flexures simultaneously with the forward view of the colon. Although it shows an increase in the adenoma detection rate by 11%-25%, it has many disadvantages. First, it requires a separate processor and the device is disposable, increasing the cost of the procedure. Second, it occupies the working channel of the colonoscope, limiting the ability to suction. Third, if a polyp is detected, the viewing device has to be removed in order to perform the polypectomy. Fourth, the optic is not high definition and finally, the endoscopist has to get used to visualizing and processing two simultaneous video streams from the colonoscopy and from the retroscope device.
Virological failure is a complication of treatment in patients with HIV, and it can be as high as 42% to first line treatment or around 18% in second line treatment. The reasons behind this phenomenon are several, including adherence to treatment (self-patient) or those related to the drugs (kinetics, interactions) and the virus itself (resistance patterns). People living with HIV needs treatment for all their lives, another factor to facilitate virus resistance and poor adherence to treatment. For that reason, it is necessary to look for additional therapeutic options to minimize this problem, and the use of immunomodulatory drugs is an interesting topic now. Among those drugs, isoprinosine hs been reported not only improve the immune response, it also has the capability to inhibit the replication of RNA virus. Then, we propose an open label clinical trial to evaluate the effect of isoprinosine in HIV patients with a virological load between 50 and 200 copies/ml.
to determine if primary prophylaxis with Endoscopic Ultrasound-Gallbladder Drainage (EUS-GBD) in unresectable cancer patients with the orifice of the cystic duct (OCD) involvement is superior to conservative management (Non EUS-guided gallbladder drainage).
To provide real world data on patient characteristics, disease management, healthcare utilization, and outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes, Hypertension, Heart failure and/or Chronic kidney diseases
The primary objective of this study is aimed at analyzing the ICU triage practices of clinicians at a cancer hospital with and without the use of an algorithm-based triage tool, and to assess whether or not the triage tool improves the consensus amongst practioners on the prioritization of patients for ICU admission. Secondary objectives include assessment of whether or not triage practices based on guidelines correlate with what is done in actual practice.
INTRODUCTION: Bleeding from gastric varices (GV) is associated with a high mortality rate. Injection of cyanoacrylate (CYA) using standard gastroscope has demonstrated to achieve higher hemostasis and lower rebleeding rates compared to band ligation or sclerotherapy. Nevertheless CYA treatment is known to be associated with significant adverse events. Pulmonary embolism due to CYA injection is a serious and sometimes fatal complication of this therapy. These patients usually have respiratory symptom, however this complication can be present in asymptomatic patients, being demonstrated only by a pathological CT scan. On the other hand, it has been described that the risk of glue embolism dependent on the volume of CYA injected, being significantly greater with high volumes. Other complications related to CYA injection are hemorrhage from injection site ulcers, fever, peritonitis, needle impaction, and even death. Also the injection material can cause serious damage to the endoscope. Currently, endoscopic injection of CYA can be performed by direct visualization using a standard gastroscope or guided by Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) with injection of CYA alone or in combination with coils. The injection of coils in conjunction with CYA may reduce or eliminate the risk of glue embolization as coils can function as a scaffold to retain CYA within the varix and may decrease the amount of glue injection needed to achieve obliteration. It has been previously demonstrated that treatment under EUS guidance may have some benefits. It allows a precise targeting of the varix lumen or afferent feeding veins, being the vessel obstructed with less amount of CYA than used for the "blind" injection by standard endoscopy, reducing the risk of glue embolism. EUS can confirm varix obliteration by Doppler effect and also the visualization of GV is not impaired by blood or food in the stomach, thus it can be used in the setting of active hemorrhage.
Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a common complication of luminal malignancies which is associated with substantial morbidity. Palliation of GOO has traditionally been through the surgical bypass of the obstructed lumen by creating an opening between the stomach and small intestine. However, In recent years, a less invasive approach, i.e. endoscopic stenting, has gained wide acceptance to treat unresectable malignant gastric outlet obstruction. In this study, the investigators are going to compare the safety and efficacy of the two different endoscopic techniques including Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) and enteral stenting (ES).