There are about 620 clinical studies being (or have been) conducted in Bangladesh. The country of the clinical trial is determined by the location of where the clinical research is being studied. Most studies are often held in multiple locations & countries.
This observational, non-interventional cohort study will evaluate predictors of response in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving standard of care Pegasys therapy. Efficacy and safety parameters will also be evaluated. Patients included in the study will be followed for the duration of their treatment and for up to 3 years thereafter.
The proposed four-year randomized study will attempt to test the hypothesis that community-based child health interventions in conjunction with facility-based IMCI will improve child care practices, nutritional status and child survival. The objectives of this research are: 1. To measure the effectiveness of the community-based interventions in improving selected child care practices in the community. 2. To measure the effectiveness of the community-based interventions in improving child nutritional status and in reducing child morbidity and mortality. 3. To document the process of implementation of community-based interventions at scale to promote selected key family and community practices related to child health. 4. To undertake cost-effectiveness analysis of the interventions. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is a strategy developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF to reduce childhood mortality and morbidity and to contribute to improved growth and development of children under-5 years of age Experience suggests that a purely facility based strategy will not reach the significant portion of the population that does not have access to or choose not to use a health facility. Links between the service providers and families at household levels is essential in order to ensure that families have the knowledge, skills and ability to provide appropriate preventative and curative care to their children. However, globally, actual evidence of effectiveness of community-based IMCI interventions implemented at scale is meager. C-IMCI in Bangladesh will be implemented by GoB in partnership with NGOs and also through active participation of different community groups, civil societies, and the private sector. Both GoB and UNICEF/Bangladesh have agreed that an evaluation of the C-IMCI implementation by GoB, as proposed here, would be very opportune and useful in providing the evidence and analysis of lessons that will guide further scale-up in the country. A cluster-randomized design will be used for this evaluation. Fourteen Upazilas where facility-based IMCI is already in place will be selected, and 7 upazillas will be randomly allocated to C-IMCI intervention and 7 to comparison. Community-based IMCI in the intervention upazillas will be implemented by GoB through the district health system while in the comparison upazillas existing services will continue, including facility-based IMCI.
The impetus for this study came from the findings of the investigators' recently published study entitled "Day-care management of severe and very severe pneumonia, without associated co-morbidities such as severe malnutrition, in an urban health clinic in Dhaka, Bangladesh". If day-care management is found to have comparable efficacy to that of hospital management of severe and very severe pneumonia in children then they could be managed at outpatient, day-care set ups reducing hospitalization and thus freeing beds for management of other children who need hospital care. Such management could also be implemented in rural areas of Bangladesh and potentially to other developing countries. Additionally, availability of the treatment facility in community set-ups will be cost and time saving for the population. But, as patients with severe malnutrition were excluded from the pilot study for ethical reasons, the peer reviewers of the manuscript felt that the study findings cannot be applied to the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in general. Similarly, management of severely malnourished children with associated complications relies on hospital-based treatment. In another study, a day-care clinic approach by providing antibiotics, micronutrients, diet and supportive care to severely malnourished children showed that they could be successfully managed at existing day-care clinics using a protocolized approach. Therefore, after the successful conduction and publication of these two study results in international journals with severe and very severe pneumonia as well as severe malnutrition at the day-care clinic, it is mandatory to perform the final study where the investigators will include severe malnutrition as well as associated co-morbidities to be applied to the treatment of severe and severe pneumonia in children in general to make the treatment approach more widely applicable.
The investigators hypothesize that periconceptional iron supplementation to married, nulliparous women in rural Bangladesh will significantly reduce anemia and improve hemoglobin concentrations before and during pregnancy.
This is a preliminary study of oral vitamin D3 supplementation in pregnant and non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. The primary objective of the study is to identify a dose of vitamin D3 that can safely be administered during pregnancy to improve the vitamin D status of the mother and infant.
The next influenza pandemic is expected to spread rapidly in resource-poor settings. Influenza viruses spread from human-to-human via large respiratory droplets. Transmission via large-particle respiratory droplets is believed to be mediated by close contact between infected and susceptible persons or contact with droplet-contaminated fomites. Close contact between infected and susceptible persons may consist of skin-to-skin contact (e.g., via hands) or inhalation of respiratory droplets (e.g., due to talking, coughing, or sneezing by the infected person). Airborne transmission, which is expected to result in transmission over long distances (>1 meter) and which would be mediated by ventilation, is believed to be uncommon. Therefore, the greatest risk of transmission from personal contact comes from those people who are closest to an index case, such as contacts living in the same household. There are, to date, no published estimates of the secondary attack ratio of influenza among household contacts of index case-patients in low-income countries. Moreover, the investigators do not have data on the risk factors for secondary transmission of influenza from index case-patients to their household contacts. There is some data for the benefits of promoting handwashing with soap on the risk of all-cause acute respiratory illness among children < 15 years old in a resource-poor setting in Pakistan. But, the investigators do not have evidence that promoting handwashing with soap will acutely reduce the risk of secondary transmission. Therefore, the investigators propose to conduct a study in rural Bangladesh to assess the following: - The secondary attack ratio of influenza among household contacts of an index case-patient with influenza - The risk factors for secondary transmission of influenza from an index case-patient to household contacts - The impact of promoting handwashing with soap on the risk of secondary transmission of influenza from an index case-patient to household contacts - The impact of handwashing promotion on handwashing behavior six months after intervention - The impact of handwashing promotion on the prevalence of respiratory infections, diarrhea and influenza
This study is conducted in Africa, Asia, South America and Europe. The aim of this observational study is to document the experience with the study insulins when used in routine clinical practice. After the physician's decision to start insulin treatment using NovoMix® 30, Levemir® or NovoRapid® (alone or combined), type 2 diabetics will be eligible to be included in this study at the physician's discretion
The purpose of this community-based randomized trial is to examine whether a daily antenatal and postnatal multiple micronutrient supplement given to women will enhance newborn and infant survival and health and other birth outcomes in a rural setting in northwestern Bangladesh.
The primary aim is to establish the non-inferiority of several simplified, home-based antibiotic regimens compared to the standard course of parenteral antibiotics for the empiric treatment of suspected sepsis in Bangladeshi young infants whose parents refuse hospitalization. Three alternative regimens will be compared with a standard (reference) regimen of injectable procaine-benzyl penicillin and gentamicin once daily each for seven days. Alternative regimens are (1) injectable gentamicin once daily and oral amoxicillin twice daily for seven days; (2) injectable penicillin and gentamicin once daily for two days followed by oral amoxicillin twice daily for five days; and (3) injectable gentamicin once daily and oral amoxicillin twice daily for two days followed by oral amoxicillin twice daily for five days. Hypothesis The proportion who fails treatment will be 10 percent in the reference group and the alternative treatment groups. An alternative therapy will be considered non-inferior to the standard therapy if the failure rate in the alternative therapy exceeds the failure rate in the injectable therapy by less than 5 absolute percentage points. Secondary Objectives: - To identify baseline clinical predictors of treatment failure in severe infections in young infants. - To determine the proportion of relapse (young infants who were considered cured by day 7 but developed any of the signs of suspected severe infection by day 14).
This study is conducted in Asia. The aim of this observational study is to evaluate current status of diabetes management, control, complications in diabetic subjects in Asia.