Stress Echo 2030: the Novel ABCDE-(FGLPR) Protocol to Define the Future of Imaging

Coronary Artery Disease Clinical Trial

— SE2030  

Official title:

The International Stress Echo Study to to Define the Future of Imaging

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05081115
• Other study ID #: FatebenefratelliH
• Status: Recruiting
• Start date: April 1, 2021
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2030

Study information

• Verified date: October 2021
• Source: Fatebenefratelli Hospital
• Contact: Quirino Ciampi, MD
• Phone: +393389166076
• Email: qciampi[@]gmail.com
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Clinical Trial Summary

With stress echo (SE) 2020 study, a new standard of practice in stress imaging was developed and disseminated: the ABCDE protocol for functional testing within and beyond CAD. ABCDE protocol was the fruit of SE 2020, and is the seed of SE 2030, which is articulated in 12 projects: 1-SE in coronary artery disease (SECAD); 2- SE in diastolic heart failure (SEDIA); 3-SE in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (SEHCA); 4- SE post-chest radiotherapy and chemotherapy (SERA); 5- Artificial intelligence SE evaluation (AI-SEE); 6- Environmental stress echocardiography and air pollution (ESTER); 7- SE in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (SETOF) ; 8- SE in post-COVID-19 (SECOV); 9: Recovery by stress echo of conventionally unfit donor good hearts (RESURGE); 10- SE for mitral ischemic regurgitation (SEMIR); 11- SE in valvular heart disease (SEVA); 12- SE for coronary vasospasm (SESPASM). The study aims to recruit in the next 5 years (2021-2025) ≥10 000 patients followed for ≥5 years (up to 2030) from ≥20 quality-controlled laboratories from ≥10 countries. In this COVID-19 era of sustainable health care delivery, SE2030 will provide the evidence to finally recommend SE as the optimal and versatile imaging modality for functional testing anywhere, any time and in any patient.

Description:

Stress echo (SE) 2020 is an international, multicenter, prospective, effectiveness study started in 2016 that conceptualized, disseminated and validated a new approach for functional testing within and beyond coronary artery disease (CAD). As originally planned, the study created the cultural, informatic and scientific infrastructure connecting high-volume, accredited SE labs, sharing common criteria of indication, execution, reporting and archiving SE. This approach allowed acquisition of original safety, feasibility, and outcome data in evidence-poor diagnostic fields, beyond the established core application of SE in CAD based on regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) assessment. SE2020 standardized procedures, validated emerging signs, and integrated new information with established knowledge, helping to build a next-generation SE lab adopting the ABCDE protocol. Each and every step of ABCDE-SE provides independent and incremental prognostic information building on the prior steps and identifies distinct patient phenotypes and vulnerabilities possibly outlining different therapeutic targets: myocardial ischemia in step A, pulmonary congestion with B-lines in step B, preload reserve and left ventricular contractile reserve (LVCR) in step C, coronary microcirculation with coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) or real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography in step D, and cardiac autonomic balance with heart rate reserve (HRR) in step E. This shared practice can now be used as a new standard of care and a suitable platform for the next wave of studies converging towards SE 2030 and sharing with the older SE2020 study some distinct features: effectiveness study, performed in the real world with real doctors facing real clinical problems in real consecutive patients; upstream quality control of reading and direct entering of data from peripheral centers in the data bank so that evidence is obtained inside and outside highly specialized academic centers; identification of simple yet innovative objectives relevant to change the clinical practice. These features are completely different from efficacy studies, as when highly specialized centers recruit highly selected patients, the resulting data may be difficult to translate in clinical practice. For these reasons, the American Society of Echocardiography has identified already in 2013 as a top research need "the development of a registry of echocardiographic information (and eventually images) that can serve as a platform for quality improvement and clinical research. Such registry data would be accessible to the research community facilitating a broad range of clinical research on the effectiveness of echocardiography for the improvement of patient management and outcome". SE2030 will establish the platform of evidence to build the perfect SE test, suitable for all patients, anywhere, anytime, also quantitative and operator independent. The need for such an ideal test is especially vital in our times, when the economic crisis, the increased awareness of cancer and non-cancer radiation damage, the pressing need for climate-neutral choices in health care, and the unavoidable trend to externalize health care are potent propelling forces, boosted by COVID pandemics, for the diffusion of a low cost, radiation-free, climate-friendly, and portable technique such as cardiovascular ultrasound. Methodology. Five important aspects will be shared by SE2030 in full continuity with SE2020, with minor adaptations and implementations. Upstream quality control. The study is a prospective registry but it is necessary to have an upstream quality control with a certified reader from each center. A mandatory quality control is necessary for conventional and innovative parameters, since the volume of activity is necessary but not sufficient to ensure the quality of reading. Peripheral reading and inclusivity. Once the reader has been certified, the peripheral reading will be directly entered in the data bank via the Redcap program property of the Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging. This will allow a more flexible and rapid platform, less error in data inputting and better compliance with new regulations strictly protecting privacy in clinical studies. Another feature of SE2030 is inclusivity, so that any center meeting the selection criteria can be enrolled, allowing centers traditionally outside the editorial stage but producing high quality clinical activity to contribute to generate data relevant for the scientific community. Uniform methodology. Each laboratory will adopt the preferred choice of stress among physical, pharmacologic or pacing stress according to standardized protocol in line with guidelines recommendations. Physical exercise includes semi-supine or upright bicycle exercise, and peak or post-treadmill exercise. Pharmacologic testing will be with dobutamine or vasodilators (dipyridamole, adenosine or regadenoson) according to physician preferences, patients' contraindications, local availability and cost. Pacing stress can be performed with transesophageal atrial pacing or with external programming of a permanent pacemaker. Independent of the chosen form of stress, execution, performance, archiving and interpretation of testing will follow a standardized format with the ABCDE protocol. From the technical viewpoint of success rate, a limiting step is step D. Step D is easy and feasible with vasodilator, less easy but still highly feasible with dobutamine, not easy and less feasible with semi-supine exercise, and virtually impossible with (peak or post) treadmill exercise. Therefore, our recommendation is to use semi-supine exercise, capturing coronary flow signal in early or intermediate stages of exercise when most flow increase occurs and feasibility is still high, before it drops at higher levels of exercise. When treadmill is used, step D is skipped; if information is deemed important, a vasodilator test can be performed at 30' after the end of exercise focused on CFVR and heart rate response. All laboratories will be granted with free artificial intelligence (AI) software and encouraged to use ultrasound enhancing agents when needed to help leading edge technology upgrade and uniformity of methods across all study laboratories . The full spectrum of enrolled patients evaluated for clinically relevant endpoints. The various projects will include patients with known or suspected CAD (project 1), known or suspected heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (project 2), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, project 3), status post-chest radiotherapy and chemotherapy (project 4), repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (project 7), cardio-pulmonary involvement post-COVID 19 (project 8), post-ischemic (project 10) and primary valvular heart disease (project 11) and suspected coronary vasospasm, a diagnosis frequently missed but important to recognize as a possible cause of life-threatening disease, which is easy to treat when promptly identified (project 12). The 12 protocols running on the SE-ABCDE platform are spread all over the spectrum of cardiovascular disease, from severe valvular heart disease to suspected CAD in patients with normal LV function. Potential heart donors with brain death will be evaluated to assess the suitability for donation of hearts currently dismissed on the basis of clinical history criteria but in the absence of a cardiac functional evaluation (project 9). The study will exploit and possibly contribute to upgrade the leading edge quantitative and operator-independent technology of AI-SE and cardiac strain (project 5) for image interpretation and data analysis and will also evaluate the results of SE parameters in the context of powerful environmental modulators of stress results and/or long-term outcome such as air pollutants and medical radiation exposure analyzed through big data mining with AI (project 6). The overarching aim of the study is to make SE practice more uniform, versatile, standardized, quantitative and evidence-rich, producing data potentially relevant to change clinical practice. Sponsored by a professional scientific society. The study is investigator-driven and not industry-driven. It is endorsed by an independent-not for profit professional society (Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging) and not sponsored by industry, although some materials useful for project completion such as AI-software will be donated by industrial partners for recruiting centers.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 10000
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2030
• Est. primary completion date: December 31, 2022
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 75 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

Known or suspected coronary artery disease Hypertrofic cardiomiopathy Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Primary valvular disease Exclusion Criteria: -

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Cardiomyopathies
• Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
• Congenital Heart Disease
• Coronary Artery Disease
• Heart Defects, Congenital
• Heart Diseases
• Heart Failure
• Heart Transplantation
• Heart Valve Diseases
• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
• Valvular Heart Disease

Intervention

Diagnostic Test:
• ABCDE-Stress Echo
Each laboratory will adopt the preferred Echo stress among physical pharmacologic or pacing stress according to guidelines recommendations. Pharmacologic testing will be with dobutamine or vasodilators (dipyridamole, adenosine or regadenoson) according to physician preferences, patients' contraindications, local availability and cost. Pacing stress can be performed with transesophageal or with external permanent pacemaker. A standardized format with the ABCDE protocol will be followedl. Step D is easy with vasodilator, less easy with dobutamine, not easy and less feasible - impossible with (peak or post) treadmill exercise. Our recommendation is to use semi-supine exercise, capturing coronary flow signal in early or intermediate stages when most flow increases and feasibility is still high. When treadmill is used, step D is skipped; if information is deemed important, a vasodilator test can be performed at 30' after the end of exercise focused on CFVR and heart rate response.
• SE diastolic assessment
The diastolic assessment should be included into all exercise SE tests by measuring standard Doppler-derived mitral inflow velocity, pulsed Tissue Doppler of mitral annulus, and retrograde tricuspid gradient of tricuspid regurgitation, at intermediate load of exercise and/or 1- 2 min after the end of the exercise. We will also assess, at baseline, intermediate load (50 watts) and peak-post stress: end-diastolic left ventricular volume index; end-systolic left ventricular volume index; ejection fraction and both stroke volume and cardiac output (to assess conventional contractile reserve); mitral regurgitation and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; pulmonary artery systolic pressure; B-lines; right ventricular free wall strain to assess the presence of right ventricular dysfunction; left atrial volume index; peak atrial longitudinal strain; and mitral inflow E velocity and mitral annulus e' tissue Doppler velocity; global longitudinal strain (GLS).
• SE Right ventricular function assessment
Right ventricular function will be assessed at baseline and peak stress with variations of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, an index of right ventricular longitudinal function, and right ventricular fractional area change (a load-dependent index of right ventricular inlet function). To distinguish between genuine right ventricular dysfunction and/or pathological increases in pulmonary vascular load, we will combine systolic pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular end-systolic area to calculate right ventricular end-systolic pressure-area relation. Peak systolic tricuspid annulus velocity and conventional indices of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function will also be measured at baseline and peak stress according to the standard ABCDE-FGLPR protocol. Right ventricular free wall strain combined with interventricular septum strain will be assessed. Left ventricular function, wall motion score index and E/e' at baseline and peak stress.
• SE in heart donors
The examination of the heart starts with a resting transthoracic echocardiography. Exclusion criteria are: resting wall motion score index>1.0; ejection fraction <45%; diastolic dysfunction of grade 2 or more; hemodynamically significant (moderate or higher) valve regurgitation or stenosis; severe left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass index >175 g/m2). A pharmacological SE with dipyridamole (0.84 mg/kg over 6 minutes) is recommended. The diagnostic end-points are stress-induced RWMA and abnormalities in global LVCR. All images will be analyzed as per guidelines similarly to the other projects, with emphasis on wall motion score index and LVCR based on ejection fraction and force. The hearts excluded from donation for RWMA or abnormal LVCR could however be collected for heart valve preparation and evaluated by coronary angiography and by pathological examination according to local facilities.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Italy	Fatebenefratelli Hospital	Benevento

Sponsors (52)

Lead Sponsor

Collaborator

Fatebenefratelli Hospital

Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium, Association for Public Health "Salute Pubblica", Brindisi, Italy, Bieganski Hospital, Medical University, Lodz, Poland, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy, Careggi Hospital, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Clinical Hospital Zvezdara, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Serbia, DASA, San Paolo, Brasil, Dolo Hospital, Venice, Italy, Elisabeth Hospital, Hódmezovásárhely, Hungary, Federal University of Paranà, Curitiba, Brasil, Heart Center, Hospital da Cruz Vermelha, Lisbon, Hospital Motta di Livenza, Treviso, Hospital Sao José, Criciuma, Brasil, Hospital Sao Vicente de Paulo e Hospital de Cidade, Passo Fundo, Brasil, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia, Institute of Family Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico, Investigaciones Medicas, IRCCS reggio emilia, Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging, Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy, Mayo Clinic, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Montepulciano Hospital, Siena, National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italy, Ospedale per gli Infermi, Faenza, Ravenna, Italy, Ospedale San Camillo, Rome, Italy, Presidio Ospedale San Paolo. Milano, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Russian Federation, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Study, Pisa, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian, Universita di Verona, Università Luigi Vanvitelli della Campania, University Center Serbia, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Serbia, University Hospital, Catania, University Hospital, Padua, Italy, University Hospital, Pleven, Bulgaria, University Hospital, Siena, Italy, University Hospital, Szeged, Hungary, University of A Coruna, La Coruna, Spain, University of Algarve, Portugal., University of Banja Luka University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, University of Bari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Parma, University of Pisa, University of Salerno, Vilnius University, Lithuania

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Italy, 

References & Publications (27)

Authors/Task Force members, Elliott PM, Anastasakis A, Borger MA, Borggrefe M, Cecchi F, Charron P, Hagege AA, Lafont A, Limongelli G, Mahrholdt H, McKenna WJ, Mogensen J, Nihoyannopoulos P, Nistri S, Pieper PG, Pieske B, Rapezzi C, Rutten FH, Tillmanns C, Watkins H. 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2014 Oct 14;35(39):2733-79. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu284. Epub 2014 Aug 29. — View Citation

Bombardini T, Pacini D, Potena L, Maccherini M, Kovacevic-Preradovic T, Picano E. Heart rate reserve during dipyridamole stress test applied to potential heart donors in brain death. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2020 Jun;68(3):249-257. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4725.20.05093-8. Epub 2020 Feb 25. — View Citation

Bombardini T, Zagatina A, Ciampi Q, Cortigiani L, D'andrea A, Borguezan Daros C, Zhuravskaya N, Kasprzak JD, Wierzbowska-Drabik K, De Castro E Silva Pretto JL, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Beleslin B, Petrovic M, Boskovic N, Tesic M, Monte IP, Simova I, Vladova M, Boshchenko A, Ryabova T, Citro R, Amor M, Vargas Mieles PE, Arbucci R, Dodi C, Rigo F, Gligorova S, Dekleva M, Severino S, Torres MA, Salustri A, Rodrìguez-Zanella H, Costantino FM, Varga A, Agoston G, Bossone E, Ferrara F, Gaibazzi N, Rabia G, Celutkiene J, Haberka M, Mori F, D'alfonso MG, Reisenhofer B, Camarozano AC, Salamé M, Szymczyk E, Wejner-Mik P, Wdowiak-Okrojek K, Kovacevic Preradovic T, Lattanzi F, Morrone D, Scali MC, Ostojic M, Nikolic A, Re F, Barbieri A, Di Salvo G, Colonna P, De Nes M, Paterni M, Merlo PM, Lowenstein J, Carpeggiani C, Gregori D, Picano E; Stress Echo 2020 study group of the Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging. Feasibility and value of two-dimensional volumetric stress echocardiography. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2020 Jul 10. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4725.20.05304-9. [Epub ahead of print] — View Citation

Ciampi Q, Olivotto I, Gardini C, Mori F, Peteiro J, Monserrat L, Fernandez X, Cortigiani L, Rigo F, Lopes LR, Cruz I, Cotrim C, Losi M, Betocchi S, Beleslin B, Tesic M, Dikic AD, Lazzeroni E, Lazzeroni D, Sicari R, Picano E. Prognostic role of stress echocardiography in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: The International Stress Echo Registry. Int J Cardiol. 2016 Sep 15;219:331-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.044. Epub 2016 Jun 15. — View Citation

Ciampi Q, Picano E, Paterni M, Daros CB, Simova I, de Castro E Silva Pretto JL, Scali MC, Gaibazzi N, Severino S, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Kasprzak JD, Zagatina A, Varga A, Lowenstein J, Merlo PM, Amor M, Celutkiene J, Perez JE, Di Salvo G, Galderisi M, Mori F, Costantino MF, Massa L, Dekleva M, Chaves DQ, Trambaiolo P, Citro R, Colonna P, Rigo F, Torres MAR, Monte I, Stankovic I, Neskovic A, Cortigiani L, Re F, Dodi C, D'Andrea A, Villari B, Arystan A, De Nes M, Carpeggiani C; Stress Echo 2020 study group of the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Echography. Quality control of regional wall motion analysis in stress Echo 2020. Int J Cardiol. 2017 Dec 15;249:479-485. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.09.172. Epub 2017 Oct 1. — View Citation

Ciampi Q, Zagatina A, Cortigiani L, Gaibazzi N, Borguezan Daros C, Zhuravskaya N, Wierzbowska-Drabik K, Kasprzak JD, de Castro E Silva Pretto JL, D'Andrea A, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Monte I, Simova I, Boshchenko A, Citro R, Amor M, Merlo PM, Dodi C, Rigo F, Gligorova S, Dekleva M, Severino S, Lattanzi F, Scali MC, Vrublevsky A, Torres MAR, Salustri A, Rodrìguez-Zanella H, Costantino FM, Varga A, Bossone E, Colonna P, De Nes M, Paterni M, Carpeggiani C, Lowenstein J, Gregori D, Picano E; Stress Echo 2020 Study Group of the Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging. Functional, Anatomical, and Prognostic Correlates of Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve During Stress Echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Nov 5;74(18):2278-2291. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.08.1046. — View Citation

Cortigiani L, Carpeggiani C, Landi P, Raciti M, Bovenzi F, Picano E. Usefulness of Blunted Heart Rate Reserve as an Imaging-Independent Prognostic Predictor During Dipyridamole Stress Echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 2019 Sep 15;124(6):972-977. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.06.017. Epub 2019 Jun 26. — View Citation

Cortigiani L, Rigo F, Gherardi S, Galderisi M, Sicari R, Picano E. Prognostic implications of coronary flow reserve on left anterior descending coronary artery in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 2008 Dec 15;102(12):1718-23. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.08.023. Epub 2008 Oct 9. — View Citation

Coumbe BGT, Groarke JD. Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients with Cancer. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2018 Jul 3;20(8):69. doi: 10.1007/s11886-018-1010-y. Review. — View Citation

Cui Y, Wilder J, Rietz C, Gigliotti A, Tang X, Shi Y, Guilmette R, Wang H, George G, Nilo de Magaldi E, Chu SG, Doyle-Eisele M, McDonald JD, Rosas IO, El-Chemaly S. Radiation-induced impairment in lung lymphatic vasculature. Lymphat Res Biol. 2014 Dec;12(4):238-50. doi: 10.1089/lrb.2014.0012. — View Citation

Darby SC, Ewertz M, McGale P, Bennet AM, Blom-Goldman U, Brønnum D, Correa C, Cutter D, Gagliardi G, Gigante B, Jensen MB, Nisbet A, Peto R, Rahimi K, Taylor C, Hall P. Risk of ischemic heart disease in women after radiotherapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013 Mar 14;368(11):987-98. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1209825. — View Citation

Desai MY, Windecker S, Lancellotti P, Bax JJ, Griffin BP, Cahlon O, Johnston DR. Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Radiation-Associated Cardiac Disease: JACC Scientific Expert Panel. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Aug 20;74(7):905-927. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.07.006. — View Citation

Dorent R, Gandjbakhch E, Goéminne C, Ivanes F, Sebbag L, Bauer F, Epailly E, Boissonnat P, Nubret K, Amour J, Vermes E, Ou P, Guendouz S, Chevalier P, Lebreton G, Flecher E, Obadia JF, Logeart D, de Groote P. Assessment of potential heart donors: A statement from the French heart transplant community. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2018 Feb;111(2):126-139. doi: 10.1016/j.acvd.2017.12.001. Epub 2017 Dec 23. Review. — View Citation

Lancellotti P, Nkomo VT, Badano LP, Bergler-Klein J, Bogaert J, Davin L, Cosyns B, Coucke P, Dulgheru R, Edvardsen T, Gaemperli O, Galderisi M, Griffin B, Heidenreich PA, Nieman K, Plana JC, Port SC, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Schwartz RG, Sebag IA, Voigt JU, Wann S, Yang PC; European Society of Cardiology Working Groups on Nuclear Cardiology and Cardiac Computed Tomography and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance; American Society of Nuclear Cardiology; Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance; Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. Expert consensus for multi-modality imaging evaluation of cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy in adults: a report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013 Aug;14(8):721-40. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jet123. Erratum in: Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013 Dec;14(12):1217. — View Citation

Lyon AR, Dent S, Stanway S, Earl H, Brezden-Masley C, Cohen-Solal A, Tocchetti CG, Moslehi JJ, Groarke JD, Bergler-Klein J, Khoo V, Tan LL, Anker MS, von Haehling S, Maack C, Pudil R, Barac A, Thavendiranathan P, Ky B, Neilan TG, Belenkov Y, Rosen SD, Iakobishvili Z, Sverdlov AL, Hajjar LA, Macedo AVS, Manisty C, Ciardiello F, Farmakis D, de Boer RA, Skouri H, Suter TM, Cardinale D, Witteles RM, Fradley MG, Herrmann J, Cornell RF, Wechelaker A, Mauro MJ, Milojkovic D, de Lavallade H, Ruschitzka F, Coats AJS, Seferovic PM, Chioncel O, Thum T, Bauersachs J, Andres MS, Wright DJ, López-Fernández T, Plummer C, Lenihan D. Baseline cardiovascular risk assessment in cancer patients scheduled to receive cardiotoxic cancer therapies: a position statement and new risk assessment tools from the Cardio-Oncology Study Group of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology in collaboration with the International Cardio-Oncology Society. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020 Nov;22(11):1945-1960. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1920. Epub 2020 Aug 6. — View Citation

Magri D, Agostoni P, Sinagra G, Re F, Correale M, Limongelli G, Zachara E, Mastromarino V, Santolamazza C, Casenghi M, Pacileo G, Valente F, Morosin M, Musumeci B, Pagannone E, Maruotti A, Uguccioni M, Volpe M, Autore C. Clinical and prognostic impact of chronotropic incompetence in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol. 2018 Nov 15;271:125-131. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.019. Epub 2018 Aug 4. — View Citation

Pellikka PA, Arruda-Olson A, Chaudhry FA, Chen MH, Marshall JE, Porter TR, Sawada SG. Guidelines for Performance, Interpretation, and Application of Stress Echocardiography in Ischemic Heart Disease: From the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020 Jan;33(1):1-41.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.07.001. Epub 2019 Nov 15. — View Citation

Pellikka PA, Douglas PS, Miller JG, Abraham TP, Baumann R, Buxton DB, Byrd BF 3rd, Chen P, Cook NL, Gardin JM, Hansen G, Houle HC, Husson S, Kaul S, Klein AL, Lang RM, Leong-Poi H, Lopez H, Mahmoud TM, Maslak S, McCulloch ML, Metz S, Nagueh SF, Pearlman AS, Pibarot P, Picard MH, Porter TR, Prater D, Rodriguez R, Sarano ME, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Shirali GS, Sinusas A, Slosky JJ, Sugeng L, Tatpati A, Villanueva FS, von Ramm OT, Weissman NJ, Zamani S. American Society of Echocardiography Cardiovascular Technology and Research Summit: a roadmap for 2020. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013 Apr;26(4):325-38. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2013.02.003. — View Citation

Peteiro J, Bouzas-Mosquera A, Fernandez X, Monserrat L, Pazos P, Estevez-Loureiro R, Castro-Beiras A. Prognostic value of exercise echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2012 Feb;25(2):182-9. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2011.11.005. Epub 2011 Dec 3. — View Citation

Picano E, Ciampi Q, Citro R, D'Andrea A, Scali MC, Cortigiani L, Olivotto I, Mori F, Galderisi M, Costantino MF, Pratali L, Di Salvo G, Bossone E, Ferrara F, Gargani L, Rigo F, Gaibazzi N, Limongelli G, Pacileo G, Andreassi MG, Pinamonti B, Massa L, Torres MA, Miglioranza MH, Daros CB, de Castro E Silva Pretto JL, Beleslin B, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Varga A, Palinkas A, Agoston G, Gregori D, Trambaiolo P, Severino S, Arystan A, Paterni M, Carpeggiani C, Colonna P. Stress echo 2020: the international stress echo study in ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2017 Jan 18;15(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s12947-016-0092-1. — View Citation

Picano E, Ciampi Q, Wierzbowska-Drabik K, Urluescu ML, Morrone D, Carpeggiani C. The new clinical standard of integrated quadruple stress echocardiography with ABCD protocol. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2018 Oct 2;16(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s12947-018-0141-z. Review. — View Citation

Pieske B, Tschöpe C, de Boer RA, Fraser AG, Anker SD, Donal E, Edelmann F, Fu M, Guazzi M, Lam CSP, Lancellotti P, Melenovsky V, Morris DA, Nagel E, Pieske-Kraigher E, Ponikowski P, Solomon SD, Vasan RS, Rutten FH, Voors AA, Ruschitzka F, Paulus WJ, Seferovic P, Filippatos G. How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: a consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur J Heart Fail. 2020 Mar;22(3):391-412. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1741. Epub 2020 Mar 5. — View Citation

Scali MC, Zagatina A, Ciampi Q, Cortigiani L, D'Andrea A, Daros CB, Zhuravskaya N, Kasprzak JD, Wierzbowska-Drabik K, Luis de Castro E Silva Pretto J, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Beleslin B, Petrovic M, Boskovic N, Tesic M, Monte I, Simova I, Vladova M, Boshchenko A, Vrublevsky A, Citro R, Amor M, Vargas Mieles PE, Arbucci R, Merlo PM, Lowenstein Haber DM, Dodi C, Rigo F, Gligorova S, Dekleva M, Severino S, Lattanzi F, Morrone D, Galderisi M, Torres MAR, Salustri A, Rodrìguez-Zanella H, Costantino FM, Varga A, Agoston G, Bossone E, Ferrara F, Gaibazzi N, Celutkiene J, Haberka M, Mori F, D'Alfonso MG, Reisenhofer B, Camarozano AC, Miglioranza MH, Szymczyk E, Wejner-Mik P, Wdowiak-Okrojek K, Preradovic-Kovacevic T, Bombardini T, Ostojic M, Nikolic A, Re F, Barbieri A, Di Salvo G, Merli E, Colonna P, Lorenzoni V, De Nes M, Paterni M, Carpeggiani C, Lowenstein J, Picano E; Stress Echo 2020 Study Group of the Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging. Lung Ultrasound and Pulmonary Congestion During Stress Echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020 Oct;13(10):2085-2095. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.04.020. Epub 2020 Jul 15. — View Citation

Sicari R, Nihoyannopoulos P, Evangelista A, Kasprzak J, Lancellotti P, Poldermans D, Voigt JU, Zamorano JL; European Association of Echocardiography. Stress Echocardiography Expert Consensus Statement--Executive Summary: European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) (a registered branch of the ESC). Eur Heart J. 2009 Feb;30(3):278-89. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn492. Epub 2008 Nov 11. Review. — View Citation

Tadic M, Cuspidi C, Hering D, Venneri L, Grozdic-Milojevic I. Radiotherapy-induced right ventricular remodelling: The missing piece of the puzzle. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Feb;110(2):116-123. doi: 10.1016/j.acvd.2016.10.003. Epub 2017 Jan 20. Review. — View Citation

Zagatina A, Zhuravskaya N, Shmatov D, Ciampi Q, Carpeggiani C, Picano E; Stress Echo 2020 study group of the Italian Society of Echocardiography, Cardiovascular Imaging. Exercise stress echocardiography with ABCDE protocol in unexplained dyspnoea. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020 May;36(5):823-831. doi: 10.1007/s10554-020-01789-6. Epub 2020 Feb 8. — View Citation

Zoghbi WA, DiCarli MF, Blankstein R, Choi AD, Dilsizian V, Flachskampf FA, Geske JB, Grayburn PA, Jaffer FA, Kwong RY, Leipsic JA, Marwick TH, Nagel E, Nieman K, Raman SV, Salerno M, Sengupta PP, Shaw LJ, Chandrashekhar YS; ACC Imaging Council. Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Ramping Up Safely to a New Normal. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020 Jul;13(7):1615-1626. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.06.001. Epub 2020 Jun 12. Review. — View Citation

* Note: There are 27 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	All cause death	Death from any cause occurring between 5 years after the time of SE enrollment	5 years
Primary	Cardiac death	Death from cardiac cause occurring between 5 years after the time of SE enrollment	5 years
Primary	Diagnosis of Cancer	Diagnosis of cancer of any type occurring between 5 years after the time of SE enrollment	5 years
Secondary	Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction	Diagnosi of hospitalization for acute Myocardial infarction occurring between 5 years after the time of SE enrollment	5 years
Secondary	Implantable Cardioverter defibrillator implantation	Implantable Cardioverter defibrillator implantation date occurring between 5 years after the time of SE enrollment	5 years
Secondary	Coronary percutaneous revascolarization	Coronary percutaneous revascolarization date occurring between 5 years after the time of SE enrollment	5 years
Secondary	CABG surgery	CABG surgery date occurring between 5 years after the time of SE enrollment	5 years
Secondary	Miectomy procedure	Miectomy procedure date occurring between 5 years after the time of SE enrollment	5 years