View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:This study will test if affordable air cleaning devices (box fans with a filter attached and/or ultraviolet light lamps) installed in classrooms can reduce the number of viral respiratory illnesses schoolchildren experience.
Capillary blood sample results are compared to venous blood results
There is controversy about the maximum number of elements to be included in a surgical site infection (SSI) prevention bundle and the possibility of its implementation at a multi-center level. This study analyzes SSI rates in colorectal surgery after the implementation of two preventive bundles. The investigators hypothesized that the thorough introduction of a well-designed large bundle of best practice preventive measures would result in good adherence and greater reduction of SSI rates after colorectal surgery.
Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in children is challenging in low and middle-income countries where access to TB culture and X-ray is limited. More than half cases of childhood TB remain undiagnosed every year. A delay in TB diagnosis can lead to an increase in preventable morbidity and mortality. This study aims to provide evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra in stools and urine for TB diagnosis in children.
The overall objective of the RESTORATiVE303 study is to evaluate the safety and the Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) recurrence rate at Week 8 in participants who receive a 14-day course of VE303 or matching placebo. The objectives and endpoints are identical for Stage 1 (recurrent CDI) and Stage 2 (high-risk primary CDI).
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity an investigational messenger ribonucleic acid (mRN)A vaccine for the prevention of lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and/or human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in older adults. A single intramuscular (IM) injection of 3 to 4 different doses of the RSV/hMPV mRNA vaccine candidate formulated with 2 different lipid nanoparticles (LNP) will be administered to healthy participants aged 18 to 49 years and 60 years and older. Treatment: - RSV/hMPV mRNA / LNP 1 at 3-4 different doses or, - RSV/hMPV mRNA / LNP 2 at 3-4 difference doses or, - RSV mRNA / LNP 1 at 1 dose or, - hMPV mRNA / LNP 1 at 1 dose
Obesity is a life-threatening disease, defined by excessive fat accumulation that increases the risk of other diseases such as cardiovascular events, hypertension, diabetes and cancer. Obesity is also a risk factor for nosocomial infections and is associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes, although anthropometric measurements are not routinely recorded during hospitalization and lack of a registry data does not allow performing retrospective studies.Obesity is closely related to chronodisruption, characterized by deregulation of physiological and behavioral central and peripheral circadian rhythms contributing to the obesity-related metabolic impairment. Eating and sleeping time schedules are relevant synchronizers of humans' biological clock. Several studies suggest a role of dietary interventions in rewiring the circadian rhythm, with Mediterranean diet (MD) regulating nutritional patterns. Moreover, considering its positive impact on sleep quality, melatonin intake was suggested as a potential regulator of circadian rhythms. The relation between chronodisruption, obesity and infections has not been investigated, and a first proof of concept (Pilot study) will aim at investigating it. Three cohorts of obese patients with different aetiology (essential obesity, obesity with type 2 diabetes, genetic forms of obesity) and a cohort of lipodystrophic patients will be enrolled in the study, which is designed as a two-phases protocol. During the first phase (0-12 weeks (w)) patients will be subjected to dietary intervention with hypocaloric MD; in a second phase (12-24w), melatonin 1mg/die before sleep will be added to the hypocaloric MD. The susceptibility to infections will be investigated through the evaluation of 1) the number of events - i.e. flu- or flulike syndromes, skin, respiratory, digestive, urinary infections-per patient of the 4 groups and the blood assays to detect the infection with Epstein-Barr, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella, Measles and SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM; hepatitis C and hepatitis B core antibodies and Quantiferon TB Gold, 2) the clock genes rhythm and TLRs expression in patient immune cells at baseline, 12w and 24w.The mutual relationship between biomedical values, environmental and social conditions, and lifestyle habits will be evaluated by structured questionnaires. Validation of questionnaires to explore the susceptibility to infections is another delivery planned for the current study.
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are the first and second most commonly reported sexually transmitted infections (STI) in Canada, respectively, and rates are increasing. While CT and NG can cause a variety of non-specific symptoms, an estimated 77% of CT and 45% of NG cases are asymptomatic. Consequently, many individuals remain undiagnosed, or have delayed diagnosis and consequently miss effective and well-tolerated therapies and may transmit the infection(s) to sexual partners. Untreated CT infection may result in serious sequelae. Also, CT and NG infection are associated with increased risk of acquiring HIV and some cancers. Access to STI testing and treatment are two of the core pillars in the Pan-Canadian Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Infections (STBBI) Framework for Action. Currently many Canadians lack a primary care physician and many STI specific clinics are centered in urban areas, further challenging access in rural communities. Increasing access to these core pillars is paramount to reduce the health impact of STBBIs in Canada by 2030. The purpose of this study is to implement and evaluate a novel pilot project including pharmacy-based CT and NG management (including specimen self-collection [pharyngeal, anorectal and/or vaginal swabs, and/or urine sample], assessment, treatment, and linkage to care) by community pharmacists in Nova Scotia.
The goal of this clinical trial is to study if a oral maternal fecal transplant given to a premature infant born by cesarean section (CS) is safe. The investigators will also compare the gut microbiome of the infants to those born by CS and not received the transplant and to premature infants born vaginally.
Introduction: The large reservoir of tuberculosis infections is a key driver of sustained tuberculosis (TB) incidence. Accurate diagnostic tests are crucial to correctly identify and treat people with TB infection, which is vital to eliminate TB globally. The Cy-TB skin test and STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA (TB-Feron) fluorescent immunoassay are two newly developed TB infection tests, which could offer quality and cost advantages over other commercially available TB infection tests, especially the standard TST test. Both tests have a higher sensitivity and specificity than the currently most used tuberculin skin test. The proposed study aims to evaluate the performance of these two tests for the diagnosis of TB infection, compared with the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) assay. Methods and analysis: This diagnostic accuracy study will employ a cross-sectional, observational design that aims to assess the accuracy of the Cy-TB and TB-Feron tests for diagnosing TB infection, using the QFT-Plus assay as the reference standard. The sensitivity and specificity will be reported. Three different cohorts of study participants will be recruited: Adults with microbiologically-confirmed pulmonary TB (n=100); Household contacts* of people with TB (n=200) and negative controls** (n=50). All participants will be examined with Cy-TB, TB-Feron, and QFT-Plus. *Household contacts: of a person with TB are defined as members who live under the same roof as the person with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) or who meet the following conditions: - Sleeping under the same roof or sharing a kitchen space as PTB-affected persons at least one night/week for three months before the person was diagnosed with PTB - Staying under the same roof with PTB-affected persons for at least one hour/day and continuously five days/week for three months before the person was diagnosed with PTB - Negative controls are defined as people with a negative QFT-Plus result in the past year and likely to have no or very low rates of TB exposure history.