View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Inpatients will be prospectively have nares screened and MRSA strains collected. All clinical MRSA strains of patients will also be prospectively collected. A sensitive strain discrimination test of spa typing will be used to determine if the strains are related. Hypotheses are 1. Strain colonization durations vary and may be very short in days to weeks. 2. Colonizing strains rarely infect 3) Both 1 and 2 may be affected by the patient's co-morbidity.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal autosomal recessive disease among Caucasians. While the pulmonary disease in CF receives most of the attention, gastrointestinal diseases occur in >95% of CF individuals and can contribute to significant morbidity, mortality and a decreased quality of life. The abdominal pain in CF is usual chronic in nature, and the etiology is not usually found, despite medical testing for standard causes of abdominal pain. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is increasingly being recognized as the etiology of peptic ulcer disease and other upper and lower gastrointestinal tract diseases.1 The role that Hp plays in CF abdominal pain has not been elucidated. Our long-term goal is to understand relationship between chronic HP infection and abdominal pain in pediatric CF patients. The specific objective of this proposal is to utilize current state-of-the-art testing for HP to determine the prevalence of Hp in our CF patients age 5 and older. The central hypothesis is that Cystic fibrosis subjects with significant abdominal pain will have an increased incidence of Helicobacter pylori as determined by the urea breath test and stool antigen test. The rationale for the proposed research is that once we elucidate a causal relationship between CF patients with abdominal pain and Hp, we can begin treatment of this infection to improve quality of life.
The Study Investigators have seen high rates of tobacco cessation success combining Chantix with the risk of no surgery, should tobacco use continue. Once patients achieve tobacco cessation and undergo surgery, the investigators have seen high rates of union and/or infection resolution. The investigators are looking to document and publish these observations. To date, no studies have been published that have examined the effects of this type of protocol on short and long-term tobacco cessation. The investigators want to examine and report the outcome of Hershey Medical Center's Orthopaedic Trauma Division's protocol for two endpoints: 1) pre-op tobacco cessation and 2) duration of tobacco cessation. This protocol involves counseling, Chantix, and a 'no-surgery' risk. Patients will be followed postoperatively for success and duration of tobacco cessation, as well as for fracture union and/or infection eradication.
The safety and tolerability of hLF 1-11 given in multiple doses has to be established first in HSCT recipients who are at risk of developing, but have not yet developed, infectious complications due to invasive fungal or bacterial disease. These patients are different from healthy volunteers because they have received myeloablative treatment, which not only arrests haematopoiesis resulting in neutropenia but also induces mucosal barrier injury both of which predispose to infections, which typically occur during the week after transplant. It is therefore essential to know that hLF 1-11 is safe and well tolerated when given during neutropenia and mucosal barrier injury before infections ensue.
The purpose of this study is to determine if 30-day survival will be improved with addition of prednisone to standard tuberculosis (TB) therapy.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (also known as tenofovir DF or Viread) is used with other anti-HIV drugs to treat HIV infection. Taking tenofovir DF every day may also prevent HIV infection. This study will determine if taking a tenofovir DF tablet every day is safe and effective in preventing HIV infection. Participants in the study will be sex workers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
The purpose of this study is to follow responses to treatment with vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) for safety and clinical benefit [during HIV vaccine research]. VIG is purified from human blood and used to treat serious infections of the vaccinia (smallpox vaccine) virus or similar viruses. It is the only treatment available for those viruses. The only available supply of VIG has developed a discoloration over time and therefore is considered an investigational new drug by the FDA. This study will allow it to be used for intramuscular injection in a controlled setting for people who may need it [during HIV vaccine research].
The purpose of this study is to compare the safety and effectiveness of an anti-HIV drug combination with and without hydroxyurea in patients with early HIV infection. Certain combinations of anti-HIV drugs have been effective in lowering levels of HIV in the blood and keeping them down. However, these treatments are not effective in some patients. This study will see if using a combination containing more drugs will help in patients with early HIV infection.
To obtain tolerance, safety, and pharmacokinetic data for oral valacyclovir hydrochloride ( 256U87 ) in HIV-1 infected children with herpes simplex virus infections ( cold sores ) and/or varicella / zoster virus infections ( chicken pox / shingles ). Varicella and zoster are common problems in HIV-infected children. It is believed that chronic oral therapy with acyclovir may result in subtherapeutic concentrations of acyclovir, resulting in resistance to that drug. Valacyclovir hydrochloride, which converts to acyclovir in the body, increases acyclovir bioavailability by 3-5 fold.
Part A: To determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of sequential single doses of cidofovir in HIV-infected children with end-organ cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. Part B: To determine the safety (including time to progression of CMV retinitis by retinal exam), pharmacokinetics, and long-term (6 months) tolerance of multiple-dose cidofovir in HIV-infected children with CMV retinitis. Part B: To determine the effect of multiple-dose cidofovir on the virologic parameters of CMV retinitis (viral load, shedding, and resistance to antiviral agents). [AS PER AMENDMENT 1/7/98: To determine the safety, tolerance and pharmacokinetics of sequential single doses of cidofovir in HIV-infected children with CMV retinitis. To determine the safety (including time to progression of CMV retinitis by retinal exam), pharmacokinetics, and long-term (6-month) tolerance of multiple doses of cidofovir in HIV-infected children with CMV retinitis.] While the intravenous formulation of cidofovir has been approved for the treatment of CMV retinitis in HIV-infected individuals, information is limited regarding its safety and tolerance in HIV-infected children. Intravenous cidofovir requires less frequent administration for both induction and maintenance therapy of CMV retinitis than other currently available therapies. If found to be safe and well tolerated in HIV-infected children with CMV retinitis, intravenous cidofovir would add significantly to agents available to treat this debilitating opportunistic infection.