Gender Difference in sidE eFfects of ImmuNotherapy: a Possible Clue to Optimize cancEr tReatment

Breast Cancer Clinical Trial

— G-DEFINER  

Official title:

Gender Difference in sidE eFfects of ImmuNotherapy: a Possible Clue to Optimize cancEr tReatment

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04435964
• Other study ID #: INT156-19
• Status: Completed
• Start date: June 25, 2020
• Est. completion date: February 28, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: September 2021
• Source: Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

The study aim is to investigate the differences between sex and gender in the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) development associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) treatment. The study will be a multicenter prospective observational study focusing on biological differences between females and males, possibly affecting discrepant irAEs incidence.

Description:

The study aim is to investigate the differences between sex and gender in the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) development associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) treatment.

In common feeling, sex and gender represent the same concept, that is the traditional division of individuals into females (F) and males (M) defined by differential organization of chromosomes, reproductive organs, and sex steroid levels. However, if going beyond these aspects, which characterize "sex", it can be observed how the differences between people are also characterized by behaviors and relationships that are the product of the culture and sociality typical of human beings. This is what is called "gender", i.e. the process of social and cultural construction that determines the behaviors that give life to the status of an individual. Gender is therefore learned and not innate. Sex and gender do not constitute two opposing but interdependent dimensions: the process of determining gender identity is triggered on biological characters. The relationship between sex and gender varies according to geographical areas, historical periods and cultures.

Sex influences the adaptive immunity, and may influence irAEs types, frequency and severity. Together with genetic and biological differences, the roots of irAEs inequalities between F and M could be linked to psycho-social and behavioral determinants. IrAEs usually develop within the first few weeks to 6 months after treatment initiation; however, they can also present after cessation of ICI therapy. Most studies indicate that prolonged treatment does not result in an increased cumulative incidence of irAEs. Accumulating evidences support the existence of sex-driven differences in immune responses as potential factors contributing to disease outcome and response to therapy. Increasing use of ICI is associated with immune-related adverse events caused by non-specific activation of the immune system.

The investigators will conduct a multicenter prospective observational study investigating sex differences in irAEs in relation to clinical factors and genetic, immunological and hormonal profiles. By focusing on biological F/M differences possibly affecting discrepant irAEs incidence, sex inequality will be explicitly addressed and complemented by the exploration of association between gender dimension and irAEs development. Exploring the irAEs occurrence in a "real world" (outside RCT) context will be more easily translated in a ready-to-use personalized approach to irAEs timely diagnosis and treatment.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 247
• Est. completion date: February 28, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: February 28, 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Signed informed consent.

• Histologically confirmed diagnosis of one of the following cancers: melanoma, lung, head and neck, urogenital, breast cancer. In addition, other solid tumors characterized by the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI-high), treated with immunocheckpoint inhibitors (ICI) irrespective of treatment schedule. It is possible to include patients treated with Immunotherapy in a compassionate use setting.

• Any disease stage.

• Patients eligible for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)-containing regimens: ICI single agent; Combination of ICIs; ICI-chemotherapy combination; ICI-radiotherapy combination.

• Any treatment setting (neoadjuvant, adjuvant, advanced disease, maintenance).

• Patient age =18 years

• ECOG Performance Status of 0-2.

• Adequate bone marrow, liver and renal function.

• Life expectancy of at least 12 weeks.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients not eligible for ICI-containing regimens.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Breast Cancer
• Head and Neck Cancer
• Lung Cancer
• Melanoma
• Urogenital Neoplasms

Intervention

Drug:
• Immunotherapy
Patients treated as per clinical prescription with immunocheckpoint inhibitors (ICI) irrespective of treatment schedule, either as single agent or in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Italy	Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori	Milano

Sponsors (4)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano	Karolinska University Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, St Vincent's University Hospital, Ireland

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Italy, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Immune-related severe (G= 2) adverse events (irAEs)	The incidence of first severe (G= 2) irAEs of any type will be estimated in females and males	1 year
Secondary	Immune-related adverse events (irAEs)	The incidence of irAEs of any type and any grade will be estimated in females and males	1 year