View clinical trials related to Brain.
Filter by:The study should evaluate the biological distribution of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in patients with primary brain tumors and recurrence of brain tumors. The primary objective are: 1. To assess the distribution of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in normal tissues and tumors at different time intervals. 2. To evaluate dosimetry of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose. 3. To study the safety and tolerability of the drug 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose after a single injection in a diagnostic dosage. The secondary objective are: 1. To compare the obtained SPECT imaging results of brain tumors with the data of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or positron emission tomography (PET) and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies of postoperative material.
The brain plays an integral role in how and what people eat. However, the brain's contribution to overeating is not well understood during sensitive developmental periods such as adolescence, when excessive weight gain and obesity prevalence are a significant concern.The proposed study will use functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine how the brain's response to excess energy is related to overeating in adolescents with and without obesity.
In this trial, the investigators are going to investigate the improvement of cognitive brain domains after ingestion of omega 3 products that have high concentrations of DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid, and EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid, in comparison to control group young healthy adults. The study will assess the improvement by computerized testing by their reaction time before and after the intervention. The researchers will follow the scientific and ethical regulations prevent any harmful effect on recruited subjects.
Background: Vaso-active polyphenols have been proposed to enhance cognitive performance. Oral administration with the non-flavonoid polyphenol, resveratrol, has been found to modulate cerebral blood flow (CBF); yet, this has not resulted in subsequent predicted benefits to cognitive performance in young, healthy samples. It has been argued that ageing populations who are noted suffer a reduction in CBF and cognition, may possess the subtle deficits to benefit from resveratrol administration. The use of hypoxia has been previously tested by this research group to mimic the decrease in cognitive functioning associated with ageing. Objectives: The current investigation aimed to further assess if a reduced fraction of inspired oxygen (12.7% FiO2) could provide an experimental model of aging in a young, healthy sample. Moreover, the current study also aimed to assess if resveratrol can attenuate the deficits elicited by the reduction in oxygen supply via increased CBF. Design: This repeated measures, double blind, placebo controlled, balanced design assessed the cognitive and CBF effects of resveratrol in hypoxia (equivalent to 4000 m above sea level) and normoxia (sea level). Methods: Twenty-four participants arrived fully fasted (except water) for 12 hours before completing a baseline measure of a cognitive task battery, and taking the treatment for the day (either 500 mg resveratrol or inert placebo). Following a 45 min absorption period, participants completed 3 full repetitions of a cognitive test battery. Changes in cerebral hemodynamics were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy throughout the full testing session.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of different brain nuclei is a treatment for multiple brain disorders. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus have been used to treat advanced Parkinson's disease for a long time. The ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus is an effective target for treating essential tremor patients. STN and the internal segment of the globus pallidus are useful targets for treating dystonia. To achieve this optimal electrode localization, many centers perform electrophysiological mapping of the target nuclei using microelectrode recording (MER). This way they can achieve precise localization of the electrode. During the mapping procedure, microelectrodes are passed through the target nuclei, and the electrical neuronal activity is observed and recorded. The surgical team can identify the precise location of the target nuclei and its borders according to the typical activity of its neurons. This study will compare the activity of neurons in several DBS targets before, during and after sedation with propofol, remifentanil and dexmedetomidine. The goal is to understand the effects of anesthetics on the neuronal activity in these targets, allowing us to choose the most appropriate sedation protocol to use during implantation of DBS electrodes in deep brain structures (bearing in mind that each structure may have a different optimal protocol).
Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the imaging gold standard to detect active inflammatory lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The sensitivity of enhanced MRI to detect active lesions may vary according to the acquisition strategy used (e.g., delay between injection and image acquisition, contrast dose, field strength, and frequency of MRI sampling). Selection of the most appropriate T1-weighted sequence after contrast injection may also influence sensitivity. Several clinical studies performed at 1.5 Tesla have shown that conventional 2D spin-echo (SE) sequences perform better than gradient recalled-echo (GRE) sequences for depicting active MS lesions after gadolinium injection. As relates to MS, 3.0 Tesla systems offer some advantages over lower field strengths, such as higher detection rates for T2 and gadolinium-enhancing brain lesions, an important capability for diagnosing and monitoring MS patients. Recent studies have shown that at 3 Tesla, 3D GRE or 3D fast SE sequences provide higher detection rates for gadolinium-enhancing MS lesions, especially smaller ones, than standard 2D SE, and better suppress artefacts related to vascular pulsation. However, the comparison of the performance of 3D GRE versus 3D SE sequences has not been investigated yet. Objectives To compare the sensitivity of enhancing multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions in gadolinium-enhanced 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo (GRE) and turbo-spin-echo (TSE) sequences.
This study will examine how people consider their actions to be under their own control or not. The term to describe this feeling of being in control of one's own actions is called "agency." The sense of agency becomes impaired in disorders such as schizophrenia, in which people may feel, for example, as if someone else is controlling their thoughts. Healthy, right-handed normal volunteers 18 years of age and older may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history, neurological examination, pregnancy test for women of childbearing age, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. MRI uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to obtain images of body organs and tissues. During the procedure, the subject lies on a table that can slide in and out of the scanner (a metal cylinder surrounded by a magnetic field) and may be asked to lie still for up to 30 minutes at a time. Participants undergo functional MRI (fMRI). This procedure is the same as a regular MRI, except it is done while the subject performs tasks. This enables researchers to learn about changes in brain regions involved in those tasks. The fMRI scan for this study takes about 90 minutes. Before beginning the fMRI procedure, subjects receive training using a Cyber glove device. This device allows the researchers to measure the subject's finger movements and display them on a screen for the subject to view. The subjects are asked to make hand movements by slowly opening and closing the hand while watching the computer displaying an artificial hand. During the movements, the subjects' level of control is adjusted and they are asked to describe how much control they think they have over the hand on the screen. When the subjects become comfortable using the Cyber glove, they enter the MRI scanner to begin the test scan. For the fMRI, subjects are given visual instruction on when to begin opening and closing their right hand. They move continuously for a 30-second block and then have a 20-second rest period. This is repeated, with subjects provided different levels of control over the displayed hand in each block. The entire test consists of four runs, each run consisting of 12 blocks lasting about 10 minutes. When the fMRI scanning is finished, the brain is scanned once more using regular MRI.
Background: -This protocol will provide a means for screening potential candidates for NCI Radiation Oncology Branch (ROB) protocols. Objectives: -To permit evaluation of patients referred to the NCI Radiation Oncology Branch in order to identify individuals who will be suitable candidates for Radiation Oncology Branch clinical research protocols. Eligibility: -Patients suspected of having, or with biopsy proven malignant disease or patients with a benign condition for whom radiotherapy is a potential treatment. Design: -This is a screening protocol. No investigational treatments will be administered on this protocol.