Clinical Trials Logo

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

NCT number NCT03866720
Other study ID # DC-A
Secondary ID
Status Completed
Phase N/A
First received
Last updated
Start date February 26, 2019
Est. completion date February 17, 2021

Study information

Verified date March 2021
Source University of Bath
Contact n/a
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Following the establishment of causal links between breakfast consumption, the individual components of energy balance, and health it is now important to examine and target the underlying biological mechanisms involved to maximise potential health benefits. To begin investigating the outlined mechanisms healthy, non-obese participants will be recruited to take part in phase I (acute crossover design) of a wider project.


Description:

Causal links between breakfast consumption, the individual components of energy balance, and health have recently been established and it is now important to examine and target the underlying biological mechanisms involved to maximised potential health benefits. Specifically, the substitution of a portion of carbohydrate for protein at breakfast may enhance the potential health benefits of breakfast through targeting distinct mechanistic pathways. Broadly, introducing a greater protein load at breakfast increases insulin secretion and delays gastric emptying, thereby eliciting a potentiated insulin response. In turn this may therefore improve glucose tolerance during a subsequent meal. Additionally, maintenance of euglycaemia following breakfast consumption, coupled with the thermic effect of feeding protein may accentuate the elevated energy expenditure following breakfast observed in previous studies. Finally, both the physical and chemical properties of protein exert a marked satiating effect. Collectively, these mechanisms could interact to maximise the net impact of breakfast on energy balance and associated health outcomes. However, whilst the evidence indicates obvious benefits of feeding a higher protein dose at breakfast, relatively little research has focused on the response to protein over multiple meals/days. Furthermore, and importantly, the mechanisms involved in the second-meal phenomenon and the potential for initial meals of varied composition to target these mechanisms have never been systematically investigated. To begin investigating the outlined mechanisms healthy, non-obese participants will be recruited to take part a randomised crossover trial that will contrast the acute metabolic responses to a protein-enriched breakfast, with a carbohydrate rich breakfast, and the total omission of breakfast.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Completed
Enrollment 12
Est. completion date February 17, 2021
Est. primary completion date February 17, 2021
Accepts healthy volunteers Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Gender All
Age group 18 Years to 65 Years
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria: - Body mass index 18.5-29.9 kg·m-2 - Age 18-65 years - Able and willing to provide informed consent and safely comply with study procedures - Females to maintain record of regular menstrual cycle phase or contraceptive use - No anticipated changes in diet/physical activity during the study (e.g. holidays or diet plans) - Inclusive to all breakfast habits (e.g. regular skipper / consumer) Exclusion Criteria: - Any reported condition or behaviour deemed either to pose undue personal risk to the participant or introduce bias - Any diagnosed metabolic disease (e.g. type 1 or type 2 diabetes) - Any reported use of substances which may pose undue personal risk to the participants or introduce bias into the experiment (e.g. smoking/substance abuse) - Lifestyle not conforming to standard sleep-wake cycle (e.g. shift worker) - Any reported recent (<6 months) change in body mass (± 3%)

Study Design


Related Conditions & MeSH terms


Intervention

Other:
Carbohydrate rich breakfast
A porridge breakfast meal fed at a carbohydrate delivery rate of 7.3 mg/kJ of each participants resting metabolic rate.
Dietary Supplement:
Whey protein enriched breakfast
A porridge breakfast meal in which 15 grams of whey protein is substituted in place of carbohydrate and a small portion of fat.

Locations

Country Name City State
United Kingdom University of Bath Bath Somerset

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
University of Bath

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United Kingdom, 

References & Publications (4)

Bray GA, Redman LM, de Jonge L, Covington J, Rood J, Brock C, Mancuso S, Martin CK, Smith SR. Effect of protein overfeeding on energy expenditure measured in a metabolic chamber. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Mar;101(3):496-505. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.091769. Epub 2015 Jan 14. — View Citation

Chowdhury EA, Richardson JD, Tsintzas K, Thompson D, Betts JA. Carbohydrate-rich breakfast attenuates glycaemic, insulinaemic and ghrelin response to ad libitum lunch relative to morning fasting in lean adults. Br J Nutr. 2015 Jul 14;114(1):98-107. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515001506. Epub 2015 May 25. — View Citation

Leidy HJ, Ortinau LC, Douglas SM, Hoertel HA. Beneficial effects of a higher-protein breakfast on the appetitive, hormonal, and neural signals controlling energy intake regulation in overweight/obese, "breakfast-skipping," late-adolescent girls. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;97(4):677-88. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.053116. Epub 2013 Feb 27. — View Citation

Park YM, Heden TD, Liu Y, Nyhoff LM, Thyfault JP, Leidy HJ, Kanaley JA. A high-protein breakfast induces greater insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide responses to a subsequent lunch meal in individuals with type 2 diabetes. J Nutr. 2015 Mar;145(3):452-8. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.202549. Epub 2014 Dec 24. — View Citation

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Primary Postprandial glycaemia following breakfast The postprandial time course response of plasma glucose to each breakfast meal Plasma glucose time course data over 3 hours following breakfast
Primary Postprandial insulinaemia following breakfast The postprandial time course response of plasma insulin to each breakfast meal Plasma insulin time course data over 3 hours following breakfast
Primary Postprandial glycaemia following ad libitum lunch The postprandial time course response of Plasma glucose to the ad libitum lunch following each type of breakfast Plasma glucose time course data over 2 hours following lunch
Primary Postprandial insulinaemia following ad libitum lunch The postprandial time course response of plasma insulin to the ad libitum lunch following each type of breakfast Plasma insulin time course data over 2 hours following lunch
Secondary Postprandial incretin hormone response following breakfast The postprandial time course response of plasma incretin hormones (e.g. GLP-1 & GIP) to the each breakfast. Plasma insulin time course data over 3 hours following breakfast
Secondary Postprandial incretin hormone response following ad libitum lunch The postprandial time course response of plasma incretin hormones (e.g. GLP-1 & GIP) to the ad libitum lunch following each type of breakfast Plasma incretin time course data over 3 hours following breakfast
Secondary Subjective appetite ratings following breakfast Ratings of appetite provided on subjective appetite scales following each type of breakfast. On a scale of 0-100mm with 0 typically being associated with lower subjective ratings and 100 being associated with higher subjective ratings. For 3 hours following each breakfast
Secondary Subjective appetite ratings following ad libitum lunch Ratings of appetite provided on subjective appetite scales following ad libitum lunch. On a scale of 0-100mm with 0 typically being associated with lower subjective ratings and 100 being associated with higher subjective ratings. For 3 hours following the ad libitum lunch
Secondary Fuel oxidation following breakfast Fat and carbohydrate oxidation following each type of breakfast For 3 hours following breakfast
Secondary Fuel oxidation following ad libitum lunch Fat and carbohydrate oxidation following ad libitum lunch For 2 hours following the ad libitum lunch
See also
  Status Clinical Trial Phase
Completed NCT04219189 - The Acute Effect of Vaping on Food Intake N/A
Completed NCT02957318 - Effect of Potato Fiber on Appetite and Fecal Fat Excretion N/A
Completed NCT04378374 - The Effect of Pulse Flours on Blood Glucose, Satiety and Food Intake N/A
Completed NCT01199770 - Pasta Formulations, Portion Sizes and Their Effect on Appetite N/A
Recruiting NCT05443347 - Activity, Adiposity, and Appetite in Adolescents 2 Intervention N/A
Withdrawn NCT02111486 - Effect of Certain Breakfasts on Appetite Control N/A
Completed NCT02379312 - Comparison of the Satiety Effect of a Very Low Energy Foam With Normal Energy Foams N/A
Completed NCT01222845 - Glycaemic, Insulinaemic and Appetite Responses to Two Different Types of Porridge N/A
Completed NCT03701503 - The Comparison of PYY, Ghrelin, GLP1, Glucose Level, Level of Satiety, and Ad Libitum Intake in Obese and Non-Obese Patients After Breakfast With Balanced Macronutrient Composition N/A
Completed NCT03697486 - The Effect of Breakfast With Different Macronutrient Composition on PYY, Ghrelin, GLP-1,Glucose Level, VAS for Hunger, VAS for Satiety and Ad Libitum Intake 4 Hours After Breakfast in Obese Women N/A
Completed NCT03900130 - The Omnibus Satiety Metric: Predicting Satiety in Humans Through Brain, Blood, and Subjective Data N/A
Completed NCT05012046 - Effect of 100% Orange Juice on Food Intake and Glycemic Response in Adults N/A
Completed NCT02484625 - The Effect of Dairy and Non-Dairy Snacks on Food Intake, Subjective Appetite in Children N/A
Withdrawn NCT01246492 - The Effect of Artificial Sweeteners on Blood Glucose Response N/A
Completed NCT05534152 - Effect of Sumac on Appetite and Food Intake N/A
Completed NCT03974165 - Cereal-based Products Fortified With Legumes and Effects on Glycemic Control and Appetite Regulation N/A
Completed NCT01592149 - Survey of Prevalence of Loss of Appetite in Subject With Health Disorders N/A
Recruiting NCT01121783 - The Effect of Lactisole on the Responses to Glucose Solution N/A
Completed NCT01102907 - Effect of Food Form on Satiety and Gastric Emptying
Completed NCT03128684 - The Effects of Lentil-containing Food Products on Satiety and Food Intake N/A