The Influence of Juggling on Selected Cognitive Functions and Postural Stability Variables.

Aging Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Effect of Juggling Training on Some Cognitive Functions and Coordination Abilities in Older People.

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06108713
• Other study ID #: 106/21
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: September 1, 2021
• Est. completion date: January 1, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: October 2023
• Source: Poznan University of Physical Education
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of the study is to verify the effect of juggling exercises on selected cognitive functions (reaction time, attention) and postural stability variabilities (based on center of pressure signal) in two different protocols: [1] a randomised crossover study design, [2] a randomised repeated measurement design.

Description:

Juggling is a form of exercise, that can engage humans, both cognitively and physically. One of the positive aspects of taking up this form of exercise is the growing evidence indicating that juggling improves the well-being of exercisers. Most importantly, the juggling intervention causes an increase in the volume of the gray matter and white matter in the human brain, and thus shows potential for neuroplasticity. In addition, unhealthy aging is observed nowadays, which causes both physical and cognitive decline in daily functioning, further interfering with the elderly's ability to perform daily activities. Therefore, the addition of juggling exercises may have a positive effect on the changes that occur with aging.

However, currently there are hardly any data on the juggling effect on cognitive functions and on postural stability. Therefore, the study aims to examine the effect of juggling exercises on selected cognitive functions and postural stability variables in two different randomised trials.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 46
• Est. completion date: January 1, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: September 1, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 65 Years to 75 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• physically active

• over 65 years old

• with no injuries of pathologies involving the upper limb

• without neurological issues

• with no significant visual impairments

Exclusion Criteria:

• mixed or left-handedness

• sedentary lifestyle

• prior experience in juggling

• under or above the required age

• contraindications to physical activity

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Aging
• Cognitive Change

Intervention

Other:
• Addition of juggling
Participants will not change ther daily activities, and participate in juggling intervention lasted 4 weeks and consisted of 12 meetings (3 trainings per week), each lasting 45 minutes.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Poland	Poznan University of Physical Education	Poznan	Wielkopolska

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Poznan University of Physical Education

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Poland, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Velocity of center of pressure assessed with AMTI force plate	Postural stability variable based on center of pressure signal. Velocity of center of pressure will be presented in centimeters per seconds.	Assessment of the velocity of center of pressure will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Primary	Area 95 percentile assessed with AMTI force plate	Postural stability variable based on center of pressure signal. Area 95 percentile will be presented in square centimetres.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Primary	Medio-lateral range of sway assessed with AMTI force plate	Postural stability variable based on center of pressure signal. Medio-lateral range of sway will be presented in centimeters.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Primary	Anterior-posterior range of sway assessed with AMTI force plate	Postural stability variable based on center of pressure signal. Anterior-posterior range of sway will be presented in centimeters.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Primary	Effective value of medio-lateral velocity assessed with AMTI force plate	Postural stability variable based on center of pressure signal. Effective value of medio-lateral velocity of sway will be presented in centimeters per seconds.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Primary	Effective value of anterior-posterior velocity assessed with AMTI force plate	Postural stability variable based on center of pressure signal. Effective value of anterior-posterior velocity of sway will be presented in centimeters per seconds.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Primary	Absolute error of elbow joint position accuracy assessed with electrogoniometers	Proprioception ability. Measured in degrees of flexion.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Primary	Variable error of elbow joint position accuracy assessed with electrogoniometers	Proprioception ability. Measured in degrees of flexion.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Primary	Constant error of elbow joint position accuracy assessed with electrogoniometers	Proprioception ability. Measured in degrees of flexion.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Primary	Root mean square error of elbow joint position accuracy assessed with electrogoniometers	Proprioception ability. Measured in degrees of flexion.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Secondary	Simple reaction time assessed with reaction time test in Vienna Test System	Selected cognitive function - simple reaction time (one visual stimulus, reaction to one visual stimulus) measured in milliseconds.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Secondary	Complex reaction time assessed with reaction time test in Vienna Test System	Selected cognitive function - choice reaction time (two visual stimuli, reaction to one visual stimulus) measured in milliseconds.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Secondary	Decision time assessed with reaction time test in Vienna Test System	Selected cognitive function - decision time (difference between complex reaction time and simple reaction time variables) measured in milliseconds.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Secondary	Motor time assessed with reaction time test in Vienna Test System	Selected cognitive function - motor reaction time (time of movement during both simple and complex reaction time tests) measured in milliseconds.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Secondary	Time of correct rejections assessed with cognitrone test in Vienna Test System	Selected cognitive function - one variable of attention measured in seconds.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Secondary	Time of correct acceptance assessed with cognitrone test in Vienna Test System	Selected cognitive function - one variable of attention measured in seconds.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Secondary	Number of correct acceptance assessed with cognitrone test in Vienna Test System	Selected cognitive function - one variable of attention measured in unity values.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Secondary	Duration of test assessed with cognitrone test in Vienna Test System	Selected cognitive function - one variable of attention measured in seconds.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days before juggling/no juggling periods, and also up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of four time points.
Secondary	Physical activity level assessed with a CHAMPS questionnaire	Assesment of physical activity level with a CHAMPS questionnaire. Results presented as frequency of total physical activity and caloric expenditure per week.	Assessment will be carried out up to three days after juggling/no juggling periods. Measurements will be taken at a total of two time points.