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Filter by:Methamphetamine misuse has become a growing concern in Alberta, creating a burden on the health care system. Further, individuals who use methamphetamine in Alberta exhibit significant difficulty remaining in treatment. These troubling patterns necessitate the provision of evidence-based practices (EBPs)-those grounded in empirical evidence-to ensure the best possible care and outcomes for those struggling with this addiction. Within the field of substance use (SU), contingency management (CM) is an extensively studied evidence-based treatment (EBT) for addictive disorders. CM is an intervention that provides incentives to encourage positive behavioural change. Compared to standard care (treatment-as-usual (TAU)), CM has resulted in improvements in abstinence, attendance, adherence, retention, and quality of life. The efficacy of CM has largely been investigated in the context of reinforcing abstinence, though the literature suggests that CM which reinforces attendance may be as effective. Research from the US has examined the cost-effectiveness of CM and found that although CM costs more, it was associated with greater abstinence, treatment completion, and substance-absent urine compared to TAU. Despite the promising literature, the uptake of CM in Canada is limited making it difficult to understand whether this EBT is equally efficacious as compared to the US. This study will implement and evaluate the efficacy of virtually delivered attendance-based CM in outpatient addiction treatment in Alberta. Participants (N=544) will be individuals seeking treatment for methamphetamine use (n=304) and individuals seeking treatment for substance use issues other than methamphetamine use (n=240). It is hypothesized that compared to participants in TAU, participants in CM will evidence: (1) greater retention, (2) greater attendance, (3) greater abstinence from methamphetamine and less methamphetamine use, (4) greater abstinence from other SU and less SU, and (5) greater improvement in quality of life over the intervention and follow-up periods. Exploratory aims include understanding how: outcomes differ based remote versus in-person delivery of CM; outcomes differ between participants who use methamphetamine and participants who use substances other than methamphetamine; the costs of CM differ from TAU; CM changes health service use.
This research has the following specific objectives: 1. To elucidate how within-person variation in lifestyle factors affect fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations in individuals at high risk of diabetes.This study will elucidate how variation in food intakes, physical activity, and psychological stress affect variation in blood glucose concentrations throughout the day. These results can identify potential targets for interventions to reduce excessive fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations. 2. To describe to what extent the response of individuals to a standardized meal tolerance test can predict real-life variation in blood glucose concentrations. This study will evaluate how much variation in glucose concentrations under real-life conditions can be explained by an individual's response to a standardized mixed meal tolerance test. This will provide insight into the relative importance of variation in dietary and other lifestyle behaviours on an individual's predisposition to higher blood glucose responses. 3. To elucidate the role of oral processing behaviour and saliva properties on blood glucose concentrations. This study will elucidate whether variation in oral processing behaviours (e.g. number of chews taken, oro-sensory exposure time) and saliva properties (a-amylase activity, flow rate) predicts variation in blood glucose concentrations across individuals. 4. To assess whether research collecting multiple repeated measures of food intake, activity, and stress is feasible in large-scale epidemiological studies.This study will provide important insights into the feasibility over the long-run to collect multiple repeated data points on lifestyle behaviours through mobile phone applications and 24-hour glucose and physical activity monitoring in large scale studies in the Singapore population.
The human foot is a complex structure, which serves functions such as support and mobility. These functions are accomplished through the deformation of the arch, which is controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles. The intrinsic muscles have an important role in dynamic stabilization of the foot due to their structurally short force levers and small diameters. There are many studies reporting that foot intrinsic muscle weakness is directly related to pathologies such as structural or functional toe deformities, pes planus, hallux valgus, plantar fasciitis .Therefore it is essential to evaluate the strength of these muscles in an objective and reliable way.
Aim of the project is the development of a software for implementation of anesthesiology guidelines in the preoperative evaluation. The software bases on the 2014 and 2018 guidelines of the European Society of Anesthesiology (ESA) for the pre-operative evaluation of adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Traditional premedication is compared with the new software-guided premedication by using a cross-over design. 200 patients are included in the study, 100 of which are first evaluated the traditional way and then with the software, 100 patients are treated the other way round. Results of the two premedication methods are compared according to the primary endpoint "correct approval for OP" and the secondary endpoints number of missed apparative examinations, number of unnecessary apparative examinations, time required for premedication, length of hospital stay, mortality and postoperative complications.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of training with the Gait Enhancing and Motivating System-Hip (GEMS-H) vs. training without the GEMS-H on locomotor function in adults. The investigator hypothesizes that long-term GEMS-H use would improve locomotor function. Specifically, individuals in the GEMS-H group will show faster gait speed compared to those in the control group.
The purpose of this research is to determine if the beneficial effects of remote limb ischemic conditioning on learning seen in young adults are found in middle-aged and older adults.
The aim of this study is to evaluate if modern technology such as smartphone applications can be used to facilitate lifestyle changes and thereby improve health-related quality of life in gainfully employed persons in the general population in Stockholm, Sweden. The hypothesis is that at follow-up, the intervention group that use the new application will have improved health-related quality of life and other lifestyle habits including diet, physical activity and sleep, as well as biomarkers, compared to a control group.
This is a multicenter, multiple dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, Bayesian adaptive, dose response study in subjects with chronic insomnia. Subjects will be randomized to 1 of 6 doses of E2006 (1 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, or 25 mg) or placebo.
Background: Most psychotropic medications that are effective in the treatment of Bipolar Disorder (BD) are associated with endocrine-metabolic changes (EMCs). To date, there is no long-term study in BD that has examined specifically the association of inflammation with EMCs in BD. Specific aims: 1) to identify predictors of EMCs among adolescents and adults with BD who are being started on a medication ; 2) to compare change in EMCs in youth and adults treated for BD; 3) to measure change in EMCs associated with use of different medications for BD. Research Design: Participants: 30 adolescents (14-18 years old) with BD and 30 adults (19-65 years old) with BD. Measures: Blood levels of biomarkers that are associated with EMCs will be measured.