View clinical trials related to Type 2 Diabetes.
Filter by:Type 2 diabetes is a national epidemic. Diabetes has undesirable effects on blood vessels which may contribute to heart disease. Endothelial Progenitor Cells(EPCs) are found in the blood . Research has shown that improving the survival of these special blood cells may decrease the harmful effects of diabetes on blood vessels and reduce or reverse heart disease. Saxagliptin is an FDA(Food and Drug Administration) approved prescription medicine used along with diet and exercise to lower blood sugar in people with Type 2 diabetes. It is in a class of diabetes medication called DPP-4 inhibitors. DPP-4 inhibitors have been shown to increase EPCs in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Hypothesis: We believe poor viability and function of EPCs in early diabetes ultimately affects the repair and regeneration of the endothelium and that prompt intervention using saxagliptin with another oral hypoglycemic agent, Metformin, may reduce or reverse cardiovascular risk by improving EPC survival and function above and beyond adequate glucose metabolism control.
This project will address the important area of childhood obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with obesity. This is a serious health concern since children who are overweight or obese are prone to other medical conditions including high blood pressure, abnormal lipid profiles,and type 2 diabetes. Although exercise and nutrition programs are recommended, evidence for the efficacy of these programs in improving cardiovascular health is lacking. Specific Aims: a) improve cardiovascular risk factors, b) increase physical fitness levels, c) improve lean body mass, d) enhance QOL of the child e) influence adherence rates to exercise and a healthy lifestyle change both during and beyond the conclusion of the program. Hypothesis 1a: Compared to baseline and matched controls, children randomized to a 10 week multidisciplinary fitness and nutrition program will show significant improved levels of cardiovascular risk factors. Specific Aim 2: To determine if a multidisciplinary fitness and nutrition program, when compared with a matched, WLC group will show a change in whole body assessment including a decrease in fat mass, an increase in percent lean body mass, and a decrease in percent body fat, as measured utilizing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry Hypothesis 2a: Compared to baseline and matched controls, children randomized to a 10 week multidisciplinary fitness and nutrition program will show improved whole body assessments including. Specific Aim 3:To determine if a multidisciplinary fitness and nutrition program, when compared with a WLC group will show improved levels of fitness. Hypothesis 3a: Compared to baseline and matched controls, children randomized to a 10 week multidisciplinary fitness and nutrition program will show significant improvements in fitness including.
With the assessment of the healthy vs. diabetic and pre-diabetic Qatari population the investigators intend to measure the changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in blood monocytes and lymphocytes attributed to diabetes, and to evaluate whether theses changes are persistent or can be reversed by improving diabetes control.
In hypoglycemia, there is a counterregulation to restore glucose levels. An important part of this counterregulation is the release of the hormone glucagon. Since the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide has been shown to be associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia, this study examines whether lixisenatide affects the glucagon response to hypoglycemia.
America's preferential consumption of high-fat/high-sugar foods is a driving force in the current epidemic of obesity and insulin resistance. Recent scientific observations suggest that the taste of food may play a role in how the body processes the food eaten in a meal. The intestine may play a central role in all aspects of dietary fat metabolism, from initial encounter with taste buds in the mouth to eventual triglyceride (TG) storage in the body. The investigators hypothesize that elevated blood fats in insulin resistance are a result of elevated intestinal-TG secretion and poor communication of this organ to the rest of the body after meals. In this study, meal feeding and sensory studies will be performed to determine whether the mechanism of taste-associated intestinal signaling leads to higher levels of blood fats after meals in 24 healthy, insulin resistant and type 2 diabetic subjects. Individuals will consume special meals the night before the tests and participate in sensory tests in the morning to analyze the effect of taste. The goal of this work is to understand how insulin resistance may cause impaired signaling between the taste buds and the intestine to result in an elevation in blood lipids, which increases the risk for other chronic diseases. This study will generate data for a future study to understand how diabetes treatment affects this process.
This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in overweight and obese subjects with cardiovascular (CV) disease and/or multiple CV risk factors.
The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rising rapidly worldwide. In Denmark approximately 8% of adults have T2D and more than 25.000 are diagnosed each year. This has vast consequences for society and the patient. Standardized treatment aiming at normalizing blood glucose and hypertension comparable to healthy individuals, have been tested in large studies. The effect on cardiovascular disease and other complications have been modest at best and one study showed an increased mortality with intensive treatment. The standardized treatment often results in polypharmacy, which increases the risk of patients discontinuing treatment. We propose a new approach to treatment of T2D, where the patients' individual characteristics are considered. The aetiology of the diabetes can be different, which warrants different treatment. Many patients have concomitant illness which can affect the way the patient is treated. A tight regulation of blood glucose can in some patient constitute a risk of adverse effects, especially hypoglycemia. In that sense individual targets for the treatment are important. Effective lifestyle treatment has importance for a successful outcome and we therefore offer an application that can help the patient and the physician organizing activity individually. The objective of individual treatment is to choose the most effective medication. If a prescribed drug does not have the desired effect it should be replaced with a different drug. The overall goal is to reduce the number of substances and side-effects, but simultaneous improve treatment and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and other diabetes-related complications. This will in turn result in improved quality of life and improved adherence to treatment. The potential effect of individual tailored treatment of T2D is to improve the guidelines of treatment, not only to improve the patients' health, but also to reduce the socioeconomic consequences of the growing T2D prevalence
The purpose of this research study is to learn about the effect of Liraglutide, (Victoza®), on the fat surrounding the heart.Excessive amount of the fat around the heart is common in people with type 2 diabetes and can be associated with poor sugar control. Liraglutide is an injectable prescription medicine that can improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise training with free weights or weight machines clearly improves glucose (sugar) control in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, many patients with T2D would prefer not to attend an exercise facility, for reasons of cost and/or convenience. Coinvestigator Jonathon Fowles has developed and pilot-tested a home-based exercise program for people with T2D using resistance bands. However, the effects of resistance-bands training (on glucose control in T2D have not been evaluated in a high-quality randomized trial. SPECIFIC AIMS To determine the effects of six months of progressive home-based resistance bands training (RBT) versus no RBT in people with T2D on blood glucose control (HbA1c, primary outcome), waist circumference, heart disease risk factors, and quality of life. METHODS A total of 100 T2D participants will be randomized to 2 arms: home-based RBT (RBT-H) or aerobic training only (ATO). Both groups will accumulate 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise such as walking. The resistance exercise workout includes 12 exercises, targeting all major muscle groups. RBT-H subjects will complete most exercise at home with periodic supervision. SIGNIFICANCE The global burden of type 2 diabetes is increasing, and complications of the illness occur primarily in those whose glucose control is fair or poor. If exercise training with resistance bands improves glucose control, it could be beneficial to the large numbers of patients who cannot travel to a gym or cannot afford gym membership. If resistance exercise is then adopted by more patients, it is likely that the morbidity associated with type 2 diabetes will be decreased. This is particularly true if such training also improves quality of life, and more people are thus inclined to continue exercising in the long term.
Obesity is an epidemic in Western society and is the biggest risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The investigators have recently shown that exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) leads to an increase insulin sensitivity in males ubjects and that this improvement can be measured in all men, not just those with diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the time course of this effect and explore the mechanisms involved. The investigators suspect that insulin sensitivity as measured by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp will be increased within the time-frame of one 2-hour hyperbaric oxygen exposure, and that the improvement will be measurable in females as well as males.