View clinical trials related to Prediabetic State.
Filter by:This study is being done to understand metformin's mechanisms of action regarding glucose production, protein metabolism, and mitochondrial function.
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a hormone produced in the intestine. It is released immediately after meal ingestion and increases insulin release. This, in turn, helps reduce blood glucose levels. This circuit does not work properly in humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We have previously shown that a peptide called xenin-25 can amplify the effects of GIP on insulin secretion in humans. However, xenin-25 no longer does this when humans develop T2DM. Thus, it is important to understand how xenin-25 works in humans without T2DM so we know why it does not work in humans with T2DM. Acetylcholine is molecule produced by specific types of nerves. The effects of acetylcholine can be blocked by a drug called atropine. We have previously shown in mice that atropine prevents the ability of xenin-25 to increase the effects of GIP on insulin release. The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine if atropine also blocks the effects of xenin-25 in humans without T2DM. If it does, then impaired acetylcholine signaling may be one of the reasons humans develop T2DM and it could be possible to develop drugs that bypass this defect and increase insulin release in humans with T2DM.
The purpose of this prospective randomized multicenter intervention study is to determine whether in the prevention of Diabetes an intensified lifestyle intervention is superior to a conventional lifestyle intervention in high risk non-Responder subjects. Further, the intensive phenotyping to determine subgroups with an increased risk for diabetes enables an individualized prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This study aims to determine whether the use of a supplement called xylooligosaccharide (XOS) increases the number of good bacteria that live in human intestines and can maintain healthy blood sugar levels, and whether XOS has any unpleasant or unexpected side effects when consumed at different dosages. Subjects who participate in this study will be randomized to receive an eight week supply of either a lower dose of XOS or placebo (no active substance). This will be determined randomly, in a process similar to flipping a coin. Blood samples will be taken at each visits, including an oral glucose tolerance test. Subjects will also be asked to collect and bring in stool samples at three different time points during the study. Subjects will have a 50/50 chance of being assigned to the either study group. This is a double-blind study which means neither the study investigator nor the subject will know to which group he/she has been assigned. In case of an emergency, the study doctor can get this information.
The goal of the Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes (D2d) study is to determine if vitamin D supplementation works to delay the onset of type 2 diabetes in people at risk for the disease and to gain a better understand how vitamin D affects glucose (sugar) metabolism.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise on Insulin Resistance (IR) in subjects who do not routinely exercise and who are at risk of developing diabetes (prediabetes). It is estimated that approximately 30-90 people will participate in this study at three study sites in the United States and United Kingdom.
The purpose of this randomized, controlled study is to evaluate whether the knowledge of a personalized diabetes risk score affects adherence to a 12-week diet and exercise lifestyle change program in prediabetic patients. The intervention group will receive diabetes risk score results at the beginning of the twelve weeks, and the control group will not receive these results. Both groups will review their baseline and 12-week diabetes risk score results at the conclusion of the program and will be followed for an additional twelve weeks. Attendance rates and changes in weight, BMI, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, HgA1c, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, and diabetes risk score will be compared between the groups.
The investigators plan to study a sample of women with prediabetes (diagnosed by Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 5.7-6.4% or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 92-125 mg/dL) in the first trimester of pregnancy, and patients will be randomized to first trimester or third trimester treatment; the first trimester group will receive intervention immediately upon diagnosis of prediabetes whereas the third trimester group will receive only routine prenatal care until 28 weeks at which time they will receive intervention. Intervention is defined as: - diabetes education - blood glucose monitoring - medications as needed - growth ultrasounds - antenatal testing The primary outcome is umbilical cord C-Peptide >90th percentile. Secondary outcomes include neonatal fat mass at delivery, infant weight-for-length at 12 months of age, maternal gestational weight gain, and biomarkers (chemicals) measured in the placenta and the baby's umbilical cord blood. The investigators hypothesize that women who undergo the above intervention in the first trimester will deliver significantly fewer neonates with umbilical cord C-Peptide >90th percentile, and that the neonates will have lower fat mass, and weight-for-length at 12 months. The investigators further hypothesize that a greater proportion of patients undergoing first trimester intervention will have appropriate maternal gestational weight gain as defined by the Institute of Medicine, and a greater proportion will return to prepregnancy weight within 12 months.
Existing literature investigating the impact of smoking cessation on new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) risk is conflicting. Combing the need for smoking cessation and body weight self-management to prevent the progression of prediabetes stage into DM, with the public implementation of the second-generation cessation program, we aimed to study the effectiveness of the Fight Tobacco and Stay Fit (FIT2) program aiming at promoting smoking cessation and restricting post-cessation weight gain (PCWG) together in prediabetic smokers regarding long-term glycemic and DM-related health outcomes.
The rationale for this trial is to apply a simple and minimally strenuous pre-screening approach prior to performing more extensive trial-specific screening and baseline-characterization activities in the resulting pre-selected population of subjects.