View clinical trials related to Overweight.
Filter by:Obesity has reached epidemic proportions with nearly two-thirds of the US population either overweight or obese. Thus, novel strategies that both improve weight loss maintenance and are accessible to those most in need are the focus of this application, which will determine if a telemedicine system can help participants, who have undergone a weight loss program based in church and community centers, maintain their weight loss over a 1 year period. Telemedicine will provide support through self-monitoring, education, supervised chat room, bulletin board, and e-mail.
This study will examine whether two months of youth soccer, combined with a single brief behavioral/nutritional intervention, can reduce BMI in 5th grade overweight or obese females.
This study will compare the effects of a low glycemic load versus standard diet for pregnancy on outcomes related to risk for obesity, diabetes, and heart disease in both mother and infant.
Pregnant and lactating women receive n-3 fatty acids starting from week 15 of gestation until 4 months post-partum (pp) in comparison to a control group, who only gets information about adequately healthy nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. The amount of fat in newborns is measured through skinfold thickness, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is hypothesised that a reduction in arachidonic acid intake and an increase of n-3 LC PUFAs (long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) via supplements containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) could lead to less expansive fat tissue development in the first year of life.
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of calcium/vitamin D supplementation (Caltrate 600 +D®) on body weight loss during a weight-reducing program
The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children attending special primary education and to evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary school-based lifestyle intervention.
This study will look at gene expression (whether particular sets of genes are activated ["turned on"] or deactivated ["turned off"]) in overweight people as compared to non-overweight individuals. It will also investigate the potential role of inflammatory and protective substances that are produced naturally by the body within fat tissue. Findings from the study may lead to the development of ways to predict who will respond best to diet therapy. Healthy individuals between 25 and 45 years of age may be eligible for this study. Overweight subjects must have a BMI of 25 to 40, and non-overweight control subjects a BMI of 19 to 24.9. Candidates are screened with a medical history, physical examination, blood tests and electrocardiogram (EKG). They are instructed to record their dietary intake for a 3-day period and to collect their urine for a 24-hour interval. Participants have their food records reviewed a week after the screening visit. They are then scheduled for an overnight admission to the Clinical Center. Non-overweight subjects have one or two inpatient stays; overweight subjects have six inpatient stays plus frequent nutrition counseling sessions. During the 2-day hospital admissions, the following studies are performed: - DEXA scan to determine the percentage of body fat tissue. The subject lies on a table for about 15 to 60 minutes while the body composition is measured with very low-dose x-rays. - Single-slice CT scan to compare the amount of fat tissue under the skin with that in the abdomen. The subject lies on a table for about 5 to 10 minutes while the CT scanner measures body composition with very low-dose x-rays. - Subcutaneous fat microdialysis to investigate how weight loss affects the activity of fat tissue. A small tube (catheter) is placed into the fat tissue under the skin of the abdomen after numbing the skin with a local anesthetic. Fluid samples are collected through the tube. The procedure lasts overnight. In five non-overweight controls, a small amount of a substance called leukotriene B4 is put into their fat tissue to help adjust the instruments used in the study. - Air-displacement plethysmography to measure body composition. Subjects wear close-fitting clothing and enter a small capsule called a Bod-Pod. They breathe normally in the capsule while their body fat composition is studied. - Blood tests. Blood samples are drawn to analyze thyroid hormones, lipids, glucose, electrolytes, clotting factors, kidney function, red cells and DNA. - Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp to measure the effects of insulin in the body and to derive an index of insulin-sensitivity. Catheters are placed in a vein in an arm and in a vein in the hand on the other side of the body. Insulin and glucose are infused through the catheter in the arm, and blood samples are drawn from the catheter in the hand every 5 minutes to measure glucose levels. The test lasts about 2 hours. - Subcutaneous fat biopsy to find out how weight loss affects fat tissue characteristics, gene regulation and the ability to store glucose. A small sample of fat tissue is obtained from the skin of the abdomen after numbing the area with an anesthetic. - Nutrition counseling for overweight subjects. A nutritionist reviews the food record and designs a personalized diet for each participant. - Weight loss intervention for overweight subjects. In addition to individual nutritional counseling, group sessions are provided every 2 weeks during the first 3 months of the study and then every month.
The prevalence of obesity in the United States has reached alarming proportions with 33% of adults over the age of 20 being overweight. Obesity is more than twice as prevalent, however, in the Pima Indians of Arizona. Although there have been a number of advances in our understanding of the genetics of obesity, the environmental influences on the genetic expression of obesity requires further investigation. In an effort to understand some of the influences on the high prevalence of obesity in the Pima Indians, the present study was designed to investigate eating behaviors and food preferences, most especially the preference for high fat foods, in sib-pairs of Pima Indians who have been previously genotyped in our genomic scan for loci linked to diabetes/obesity. Most specifically, we will utilize several questionnaires and methods of assessing eating behavior and the preference for high fat foods to create a food intake phenotype. In addition, we will study Caucasians so that comparisons can be made between these two groups. We will make these evaluations by assessing eating behavior, food preferences including usual fat intake and preferences for high fat foods, body image perceptions, and energy expenditure. It is hoped that the data gathered from this study will elucidate some of the risk factors for the development of obesity among the Pima Indians....
Insulin resistance and a defect in early insulin secretion are risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A recent longitudinal analysis which tracked the development of diabetes demonstrated that both insulin action and early insulin secretion deteriorate as individuals progress from normal to impaired glucose tolerance and then to diabetes. These results suggest that both inherent (apparent in normal glucose tolerant subjects who progress to diabetes and likely to have a genetic basis) and acquired (evident as individuals progress from NGT to IGT to diabetes and possibly environmental in origin) defects in insulin action and secretion contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. To identify the genetic and environmental determinants of diabetes we are continuing to determine: (1) if there are genes that segregate with metabolic risk factors for diabetes which might therefore be genetic markers for type 2 diabetes and (2) the mechanisms mediating genetic and environmental determinants of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. <TAB> Volunteers for this study will be admitted to the clinical research ward where they will undergo several tests to determine body composition, oral and intravenous glucose tolerance and in vivo insulin action. In addition, in selected subjects, adipose and/or skeletal muscle tissue will be obtained by percutaneous biopsy for in vitro studies of gene expression and insulin action in these tissues. A transformed lymphocyte cell line will be established for each subject as a permanent source of DNA for genetic studies. Genetic markers for type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance will be sought by typing each individual at positional and functional candidate loci in the hopes of finding an association between these loci and obesity, insulin secretion, insulin resistance and/or type 2 diabetes. ...
We propose to add a treatment preference component to a larger study testing standard behavioral treatment (SBT) for weight loss without specific food group restriction vs standard behavioral treatment with gradual elimination of meat, poultry, and fish [a lacto-ovo-vegetarian (LOV) meal plan]. Eligible respondents will be randomized to one of two conditions: Treatment Preference-Yes/No. Individuals in the Treatment Preference-Yes will be assigned to their choice (SBT or SBT+LOV), those in Treatment Preference-No will be randomized to either SBT or SBT+LOV without regard to their preference.