View clinical trials related to Inflammation.
Filter by:This study will include 100 patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, split into 2 groups of 50 patients according to their behaviour type, and their adaptation to different factors of stress encountered in their lives: - the first group will consist of patients with a characteristic Type A behaviour profile, that is to say patients with a "proactive, impatient" behaviour pattern - the second group will consist of patients with a characteristic Type B behaviour profile that is to say patients with a "calm, slow" behaviour pattern The objective is to know if the different behaviour patterns are associated with distinct biological markers likely to influence the evolution of the diabetes. Participation in this study will be approximately 1h30, patients will participate ONCE ONLY: 1. they will answer simple questions about their disease and then complete 3 questionnaires each with 14 items. 2. they will meet a clinical psychologist for an interview lasting approximately 45 minutes recorded on an audio recorder. The consultation will be used to seek links between the psyche and the disease. 3. they will provide one blood sample of 12 ml (equivalent to a soup spoon) drawn in the morning.
This study will be the first to test whether a selected anti-inflammatory agent, methotrexate, reduces inflammation in a human body, improve cognitive and physical function, and reduce pain levels in older adults at risk for functional decline, due to systemic inflammation.
Examination of the effect of Linagliptin versus placebo for 6 months on vascular inflammation of the carotic artery and on abdominal adipose tissue inflammation in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. The effect will be assessed by FDG-PET scan. Furthermore the effect of Linagliptin on the vessel wall volume of the carotid artery will be assessed by MRI scan and biomarkers of vascular inflammation will be analyzed in blood samples.
Voriconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent. There is evidence for a relation between the efficacy and safety of voriconazole and voriconazole trough concentrations. There are several factors that could influence voriconazole concentrations. Inflammation could be one of these factors. In a retrospective study was observed that reduced metabolism of voriconazole was related to inflammation in patients with severe infections. Reduced metabolism of voriconazole resulted in high voriconazole levels and low N-oxide metabolite (inactive metabolite of voriconazole) levels. The purpose of this study is to determine an algorithm to guide dosing of voriconazole during severe inflammation and to develop a multiple linear regression model to describe the contribution of CRP concentrations to the variability in voriconazole levels and metabolic ratio.
Respiratory conditions impose an enormous burden on the individual and the society. According to the WHO World Health Report 2000, the top five respiratory diseases - including asthma and COPD - account for 17% of all deaths and 13% of all Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Obstructive lung diseases are among the most common chronic diseases in working-aged populations affecting ~40 million individuals in Europe. The greatest economic burden of respiratory diseases on health services and lost production in the EU is due to COPD and asthma, at about €20 billion each for healthcare and €25 billion and €15 billion, respectively, for lost production. For Norway, there are no estimates of asthma prevalence for the country as a whole, but 80/1000 women and 55/1000 men used asthma medication in 2013 according to the national prescription register. Estimated annual deaths in Norway due to COPD were 4070 in 2015, which is 30% higher than for lung cancer. Unfortunately, a substantial proportion of patients are still difficult to treat. This underlines the need for better primary prevention and more knowledge regarding causes and exacerbating factors. Several risk factors for chronic respiratory diseases are identified, most important tobacco smoke, closely followed by air pollution and occupational exposure. However, according to recent reviews there is a lack of understanding regarding environmental risk factors and mechanisms of how these affect respiratory health, the importance of biological markers and comorbidity, and of socioeconomic risk factors. Moreover, there is a need for assessment of interactions between risk factors and between the individual and the environment. Telemark has a high proportion of craft- and industrial workers providing exposure contrasts. Furthermore, the use of medication against respiratory diseases and the rate of sick leave are higher in Telemark than elsewhere in Norway. Moreover, the county has a high rate of disability. There are previous studies from other parts of Norway, which have estimated the occurrence of respiratory diseases and provided valuable knowledge regarding some risk factors. However, these studies use crude measures of self-reported exposure and do not provide sufficient information on how to target intervention and implement effective prevention. In contrast to the Telemark study, these studies have not included register data or advanced modelling of environmental exposure.
The life expectancy of older Americans continues to increase, with persons aged > 65 years representing the fastest growing segment of the US population (Manton et al., 1995). While prolongation of life remains an important public health goal, a goal of even greater significance is that extended life should involve preservation of the capacity to live independently and to function well physically, cognitively, and socioemotionally (Katz et al., 1983). Therefore, identification of proven interventions to maintaining functioning across these domains and prevent disability is a major public health challenge (Branch et al., 1991). Greater physical and cognitive independence in older adults has been shown to crucially influence social integration in old age (Cornwell & Waite, 2009), resulting in significant increase in quality of life and reduction of risk for morbidity and mortality, social stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms (Bassuk et al., 1999; Seeman, 1996). A promising candidate to promote functional levels across physical, cognitive, and socioemotional domains is the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) (Barraza et al., 2013; Bartz et al., 2011; Feifel et al., 2012; Meyer-Lindenberg et al., 2011; Szeto et al., 2012). Combining neuroendocrine with behavioral approaches (e.g., performance-based measures of physical and cognitive function), the proposed multidisciplinary research therefore sets out to clarify the extent to which intranasal administration of OT over a period of 4 weeks can reduce inflammation and improve physical and cognitive function in older men. Constituting a complementary piece to the IRB approved currently ongoing Faces Study (IRB # 39-2013), this project will also allow examination of interactions between OT's effect on physical health, cognition, and socioemotional function.
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are inflammatory airway diseases. Although the clinical features of asthma and COPD may be similar, the pathogenesis of these diseases differs in many aspects. The aim of this study is: - to evaluate airway inflammation in asthma and COPD, - to evaluate airway remodeling in asthma and COPD as compared to healthy subjects, - to assess the relationship between markers of airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma and COPD patients. Material and methods: - mild to moderate asthma patients diagnosed in accordance with Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, - mild to moderate COPD patients diagnosed in accordance with Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines, - healthy subjects as controls. Airway inflammation is assessed in induced sputum (IS), exhaled breath condensate (EBC), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and specimens from endobronchial forceps biopsy. Airway wall thickness is evaluated in high resolution computed tomography (HRCT), endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and basement membrane thickness (BMT) in biopsy specimens. We plan to compare airway inflammation and features of airway remodeling in asthma and COPD patients.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common diseases in the world. In a recent study, we showed that administration of levofloxacin is superior to placebo in the treatment of decompensation of COPD; it is accompanied by a substantial reduction in mortality and a significant reduction in the residence time in hospital. In Tunisia, few data are available on the epidemiology of COPD decompensation. The choice of antibiotic to be used in this situation is challenging to the clinician who must choose between traditional antibiotics (cyclins, aminopenicillins, cotrimoxazole...) and new antimicrobial agents. Recently, it has been emphasized the selection of patients for treatment according to the degree of systemic inflammation (C-Reactive Protein). Indeed, there would have a correlation between the tracheobronchial infection and elevated inflammatory markers. As the elevation of these markers is proportional to the intensity of the inflammatory reaction of the body, is based on the kinetics of these biomarkers in antibiotic treatment seems logical. Thus, C-Reactive Protein allowed not only knowing when to start antibiotics, but also through their kinetic, these markers can guide the duration of therapy and shorten the duration of antibiotic therapy: a rate cut would ensure that the antibiotic treatment was adopted. Available guidelines stated that antibiotic treatment should be maintained at an average of 7 to 10 days while some studies showed no clinical inferiority of courses as short as 3 days. Further reduction of the duration of antibiotherapy was even suggested in order to reduce the risk of adverse events and the pressure that drives bacterial resistance. Hence, we conducted this study using an algorithm to comprehensively evaluate the role of CRP-guided antibiotic prescription in optimizing treatment duration in AECOPD.
This study assesses the efficacy and safety of two concentrations of RTA 408 Ophthalmic Suspension in the treatment of patients who have inflammation and pain following ocular surgery.
Rationale: The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing rapidly and accounts for a considerable part of health care costs. Herbal supplements are used in many cultures for the prevention and treatment of many different conditions. Due to lack of scientific proof, the application in western cultures are minimal. Animal studies have shown that many constituents of such herbal supplements may have beneficial effects on several important parameters known to be affected in T2D. Still, no scientific proof in humans is available. We therefore aim to investigate the effect of 4-week herbal supplementation on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, vascular function and inflammation in subjects with increased fasting glucose levels or a decreased glucose tolerance. Objective: The primary objectives are to investigate if 4-week herbal supplementation in subjects with increased fasting glucose levels or a decreased glucose tolerance has a positive effect on blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance. The secondary objectives are to investigate if 4-week herbal supplementation in subjects with increased fasting glucose levels or a decreased glucose tolerance has a positive effect on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, inflammation, adipose tissue and white blood cell gene-expression and AIX both fasted and during an OGTT test. Study design: This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over trial in which two different treatments will be evaluated e.g. an intervention with the herbal mixture and a placebo. Each person will obtain both treatments in random order for four weeks with a wash out period of four weeks in-between. Fasting blood samples will be collected and subjects will receive a OGTT, paralleled by a PWA before and after 4-week supplementation. Furthermore, after 4-week supplement intake we will collect a urine sample and collect an adipose tissue biopsy. The whole trial will last three months. Study population: 26 overweight males and females 50-75yrs old with an increased fasting glucose or with an impaired glucose tolerance. Intervention: Two intervention periods of 4-weeks in which participants will take three times a day a supplement of 500mg herbal or placebo. Main study parameters/endpoints: Fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance as determined by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), AIX, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, PWA, adipose tissue an white blood cell gene expression and markers of inflammation . Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: Subjects that will participate in the study will invest a total of 16.5 hours. Blood collection by vena punctures/insertion of the venflon and the collection of an adipose tissue biopsy can occasionally cause a local hematoma or bruise and some participants may report pain or discomfort. The herbal supplements contain small amounts St. John's wort, which may affect the function of liver enzymes. We will therefore monitor liver function parameters during the supplementation period. Furthermore, subjects are excluded if they use medication known to be affected by St. John's wort. Participant will donate 284ml of blood, dispersed over 12 weeks.