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Filter by:The study is a phase I/II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over clinical trial of tocilizumab (TCZ) or placebo in HIV-infected subjects receiving antiretroviral therapy with suppressed viral replication and CD4+ T cell count ≥350 and ≤1,000 cells/mm3)
The acute respiratory infection is the fourth most common cause of hospital stay between elderly people. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the repercussion of hospital stay in hospitalized patients with a respiratory infection.
The main purpose of this study is to determine whether weekly oral vitamin D supplementation is effective to prevent acute respiratory tract infections in children. The hypothesis of the study is that vitamin D supplementation reduces the incidence and severity of acute respiratory tract infections in children.
Ten healthy volunteers will be recruited to receive either an autologous stool transplant or a saline enema to determine if autologous fecal microbiota therapy will be able to rapidly, and safely, restore a patient's fecal microbiome after antimicrobial exposure.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bacteria called Lactobacillus GG, a Probiotic, in preventing the growth of resistant bacteria in the digestive tract in patients on broad spectrum antimicrobials.
GSK2140944 belongs to a novel structural class of antibiotics - Bacterial Type II Topoisomerase Inhibitors (BTI). This is a Phase II, randomized, two-part, multicenter study designed to select the optimal dose by further characterizing the safety, tolerability and PK of GSK 2140944 and by evaluating efficacy in subjects requiring in-patient medical care to treat their suspected or confirmed Gram-positive acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI). The selected dose will be used in future studies.
Over the years, it has become clear that the first-line triple therapy is losing efficacy worldwide. A capsule containing 3 agents (Pylera®) containing 125mg metronidazole, 140mg bismuth subcitrate potassium, and 125mg tetracycline was made available. The efficacy of the Pylera capsule was studied in a randomized control trial, in which a quadruple Pylera therapy (Pylera capsule and a PPI) was evaluated against the standard triple regimen. In the study, 3 three-in-one capsules were taken four times daily (after meals and at bedtime). Given the above, we aim at assessing the effectiveness of fewer pills per day of the Pylera capsule (3 Pylera capsules supplemented with the addition of amoxicillin and esomeprazole twice daily; sum of 10 pills/day for 10 days) in the eradication of H. pylori.
Although clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) remains the mainstay to ensure complete low-pressure bladder emptying in neurogenic bladder (NB) patients, this forms a vehicle for bacterial entry and colonization of the urinary tract, which can lead to recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) and renal damage. Up to 25% of NB patients on CIC suffer from RUTI and daily, low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis is widely prescribed to prevent these infections. Unfortunately, this therapeutic option is not evidence-based and can be associated with a higher risk of RUTI secondary to development of antibiotic resistance. In addition, many children suffer from a range of adverse reactions and emergence of drug resistant organisms. Moreover, recent studies have shown that antibiotics cause a major disruption in the human microbiome, potentially leading to long term major problems. Probiotics are live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. There is evidence that probiotics restore microbial homeostasis in the vagina, reduce the risk of pathogen ascension into the bladder, and modulate immunity to better protect the host. Probiotic strains, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, Lactobacillus reuteri B-54 and RC-14, have been shown to be safe and efficacious in an oral formulation or as a vaginal suppository in improving the microbiota profile of the vagina and decreasing the risk of RUTI. Various mechanisms appear to be involved, including modulating antimicrobial and inflammatory defenses, up-regulating protective mucin production and reducing the pressure on pathogens to acquire antibiotic resistance genes. A randomized trial comparing probiotics to antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteric reflux showed equivalent reduction in the incidence of RUTI and development of new renal scarring. In addition, down regulation of inflammatory cytokines can potentially favorably alter bladder function and prevent bladder fibrosis. Investigators at London Health Sciences Centre (LHSC) have the opportunity to acquire clinical data that would strengthen the case for probiotics to be integrated into pediatric urology practice for managing CIC and RUTI. This would be the first such study in pediatric NB patients. The main objective of this study is to determine whether the use of probiotics (lactobacilli) can decrease the impact of adverse side effects and the antibiotic resistance that is seen with the prolonged use of antibiotics for patients with neurogenic bladder conditions.
The principal research objective is to determine the impact of antibiotic use on the risk of developing long term bowel symptoms after infection with the germ Campylobacter.
Pneumonia is one of the most prevalent diseases in infants and children. The incidence of pneumonia in children less than 5 years old is about 34-40 cases per 1000 in Europe and America and more than 2 million children die of pneumonia annually. It was reported that Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 13%-53% of lower respiratory tract infections in different age group of infants or children. In addition, 7%-9% of bacterial meningitis was due to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. In addition, children infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae often transmit the pathogens to adult. As a result, it is evident that Streptococcus pneumoniae presents a heavy burden to paediatrics practice. Vaccination of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines is effective in preventing Streptococcus pneumonia .Routine use of PCV7 in the US has rapidly reduced rates of invasive pneumococcal disease in children. The impact of the vaccine was noted within 1 year of introduction. According to Centre for Disease Control's (CDC) Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among children <5 years dropped 75% from 1998/1999 to 2005; disease caused by vaccine-type strains fell 94% from 80 to 4.6 per 100,000. Currently there are two immunization schedules: manufacturer recommended the 3+1 schedule and many countries adopted a 3 dose schedule, either 3+0 or 2+1 schedules. In US, it is recommended to give three doses during infancy (scheduled at 2, 4, 6 month) plus one dose at 12-15 months (3+1 schedule). Since several studies have demonstrated that two doses may provide similar direct protection to three conjugate doses during infancy, it is recommended to give two doses during infancy plus a booster dose 12 months in some European countries including United Kingdom. In this trial, the immunogenicity of the 3+1 schedule and the 2+1 schedule of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine in young infants will be compared.