View clinical trials related to Hyperinsulinemia.
Filter by:The investigators are examining: 1. the relationships of insulin levels and natriuretic peptide hormone levels, and 2. the effects of administering an infusion of natriuretic peptide hormone on the breakdown of fat in healthy lean and otherwise healthy obese individuals.
tPA has a pivotal role in placentation, mediationg activation of growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, degradation of extracellular matrix and basement membrane (directly or through activation of matrix metalloproteinases) and formation of hemidesmosomes. A high-carbohydrate intake combined with lack of physical activity provides a strong stimulus for maternal insulin production. In this scenario, either β-cells are dysfunctional and diabetes supervenes, or excessive amounts of insulin are produced, providing pathological stimulation of PAI-1 synthesis. Given that PAI-1 is a major tPA inhibitor, PAI-1 excess may affect placentation, increasing the risk of first trimester losses, preterm deliveries and intrauterine growth restriction. Our hypothesis was that prematurity was not the cause of neonatal hypoglycemia, but a parallel occurrence of a strong stimulus for maternal, fetal and neonatal production of insulin.
Acanthosis Nigricans is skin disease that associated with hyperinsulinemia. Clinical is velvety hyperpigmented plaques on neck, axilla, groin. If hyperinsulinemia is improved by treated with oral metformin and/ or diet control, acanthosis nigricans would be improved as well. Hyperpigmented plaques will be changed. We assess objective measurement by using spectroscopic and colorimetric analysis.
The primary objective of this randomized, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study is to determine whether treatment with metformin enhances insulin sensitivity in a group of ethnically diverse obese insulin-resistant adolescents with normal glucose tolerance.
The goal of the study is to identify and treat women with midlife weight gain who have normal blood sugars, but increased insulin levels (hyperinsulinemia) following the performance of a glucose tolerance test. The study will evaluate effects of a unique carbohydrate modified diet alone and in combination with metformin(MF) and Avandamet® (MF plus rosiglitazone (RSG)) on insulin levels in a wide range of ethnically diverse women (aged 35-55) at three academic medical centers. The primary study hypothesis is that insulin sensitizing medications, in combination with alterations in carbohydrate intake, will reduce insulin levels and improve established risk factors for the metabolic syndrome. The alarming prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and related comorbidities and the paucity of easily adopted, cost-effective preventive strategies for high risk populations, suggest that pharmaco-therapies and dietary regimens targeted to reducing insulin resistance could have important clinical and public health implications.
To compare anthropometric and metabolic effects of a comprehensive weight management program on obese adolescents and children in comparison to regular clinical weight management visits.
The purpose of this study is to see whether metformin alone, rosiglitazone alone, or metformin and rosiglitazone together will lower insulin levels in the blood and decrease fat in the abdomen or other parts of the body. Studies have shown that certain anti-HIV medications can cause a number of side effects, including high blood sugar (resulting from the body's failure to use insulin), high insulin, and excess fat build-up in the abdominal area. These side effects are known to increase the risk of heart disease. Metformin and rosiglitazone are 2 drugs that have been shown to lower insulin resistance and lessen abdominal fat in patients who are not HIV-infected. This study will investigate the use of these drugs in HIV-infected patients.
This study is for women who have already decided to undergo liposuction at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, D.C. To take part in this study, a woman must first meet with the plastic surgeons there, and be accepted by them to have liposuction. This study will investigate whether large volume liposuction improves risk factors for heart disease in overweight women with type 2 (adult onset) diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or elevated blood insulin levels. Large volume liposuction is the surgical removal of at least 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of body fat, usually from the abdomen, hips or chest. Risk factors for heart disease include high blood pressure and elevated levels of blood lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), blood glucose (sugar), and blood insulin. Subjects who participate in all parts of this study will receive a total of $930.00. Overweight women 18 years or older with high blood insulin levels, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes, who are planning to have large volume liposuction performed at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, D.C., may be eligible for this study. For a subject to be accepted into this study, she must first meet with the plastic surgeons at Georgetown University Medical Center, and they have to agree to perform large volume liposuction. The decision that someone is suitable for liposuction is not under the control of the NIH or of any NIH investigator. Those enrolled will undergo the following procedures at four separate times - before undergoing liposuction, 4 weeks after surgery, 4 months after surgery and 1 year after surgery: - Body measurements - taken with calipers to measure several skinfold thicknesses (the width of a fat fold) and with a tape measure to measure the circumference of parts of the body. - Urine sample and 6-hour urine collection - to test for pregnancy and to evaluate kidney function. - Glucose tolerance test - measures insulin sensitivity and how the body uses sugar, how well insulin works, and insulin sensitivity. The procedure involves placement of two catheters (thin, flexible tubes) through a needle into a vein in each arm. Sugar water is infused into one catheter and 20 minutes into the test a small amount of insulin is injected. Blood samples are drawn from the other catheter at frequent intervals for a total of 5 hours. - Electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography - measure the heart's electrical activity and function. - Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scan - produces images for measuring body fat in the abdomen. (not done at the 4-week visit). Takes about half an hour to complete. - DXA X-ray - measures body fat, muscle and bone mineral content. Takes about half an hour to complete. - Bod Pod - capsule-like device used to determine the proportion of body weight composed of fat and non-fat tissue. Takes less than 10 minutes - Bioelectric impedance analysis device - measures the proportions of body fat based on electrical conduction of a small electric current. Takes 2-3 minutes. - 24-hour blood pressure monitoring - a device attached to a blood pressure cuff strapped to the arm measures blood pressure every 15 to 30 minutes continuously for 24 hours. - Vascular reactivity tests - a blood pressure cuff is inflated for about 4 minutes before deflating, providing information on the function of the small blood vessels in the skin, as well as an idea of the function level of small blood vessels elsewhere in the body. Takes half an hour. - Blood samples - collected to evaluate kidney and liver function and to measure body lipids, such as cholesterol, minerals, and other substances.
This study will examine the safety and effectiveness of the medicine metformin to help overweight children control their food intake, weight, insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride (blood fat) levels. Obesity and high insulin levels can lead to high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol and triglyceride levels and heart disease. Metformin-approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus-helps lower insulin levels and may control weight gain in adults. Overweight children 6 to 11 years old who are in general good health may be eligible for this study. Children will be studied at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Candidates will have a medical history and physical examination and fasting blood test, and will provide a 7-day record of their food intake as part of the screening process. Those enrolled will be randomly assigned to receive either metformin or placebo (a look-alike tablet with no active medicine) twice a day for a six month period. After the 6 month study period, all children will be offered the opportunity to take metformin for another 6 months. Participants will be hospitalized for 2-3 days for the following procedures: history and physical examination; fasting blood test; several urine collections; X-ray studies to determine bone age and amount of body fat and muscle; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to measure body fat; "hyperglycemic clamp study" to evaluate insulin resistance; food intake testing; nutrition consultation; resting metabolic rate; and a "doubly labeled water" test. For the hyperglycemic clamp study, a catheter (thin flexible tube) is inserted into a vein in each arm. A sugar solution is given through one tube and blood samples are drawn every 5 minutes through the other to measure insulin. For the food intake testing, the child is asked about his or her hunger level, then given various foods he or she may choose to eat, then questioned again at various intervals both during and after finishing eating about his or her hunger level. The doubly labeled water study involves drinking "heavy water" (water which is enriched to have special kinds of hydrogen and oxygen). Urine specimens are collected 2, 3 and 4 hours after drinking the water. The child also drinks a special milk shake called a Scandishake and repeats the calorie intake and hunger study. (Two food intake studies are done on separate days.) One week after the heavy water test, additional urine samples are collected one week later. After completing the tests, the child will begin treatment with metformin or placebo, plus a daily vitamin tablet. Participants will be followed once a month with a brief history and physical examination, including a blood test. After 6 months, all of the tests described above will be repeated. All children who complete the second round of tests-both those who took metformin and those who took placebo-will be offered metformin for an additional 6 months and will be seen once a month for follow-up evaluations. Parents will not be told which children received metformin and which received placebo until all children in the study complete the first 6 months of the trial.
Previous studies have shown that insulin may stimulate the release of endothelin (ET) from endothelial cells. This mechanism may contribute to the adverse vascular effects determined by chronic hyperinsulinemia. The aim of this study will be to evaluate the effect of local hyperinsulinemia on ET activity in the forearm circulation. To this purpose, we will assess the forearm blood flow response to ET receptor antagonism in control conditions and during intraarterial infusion of insulin. We will also measure changes in plasma ET-1 levels in response to the different pharmacological stimuli.