View clinical trials related to Glucose Intolerance.
Filter by:The intent of this study is to examine the extent to which daily incorporation of egg into a diet improves glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and body composition in overweight and obese adults with pre- and type II-diabetes. The hypothesis of this study is that the daily incorporation of one large egg into a diet for 12 weeks will exert positive effects on factors associated with glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults with pre- and type II-diabetes through improvements in body weight, body composition, and lipid metabolism.
Type 2 diabetes results from a combination of peripheral insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction, and manifests as fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. In Singapore, despite the relatively low prevalence of overweight and obesity, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is disproportionately high and is expected to double in the near future. This indicates that insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction are widely prevalent even among individuals who are not overweight or obese. Still, weight loss induced by a variety of ways (calorie restriction, exercise, surgery, etc.) is considered the cornerstone of diabetes treatment. This underscores the importance of negative energy balance in improving metabolic function. In fact, negative energy balance induced by calorie restriction can improve metabolic function acutely, i.e. within 1-2 days and before any weight loss occurs. Likewise, negative energy balance induced by a single session of aerobic exercise improves metabolic function over the next few days. However, the magnitude of negative energy balance that needs to be achieved in order to improve metabolic function, as well as possible dose-response relationships, are not known. Furthermore, the comparative efficacy of calorie restriction vs. exercise in improving metabolic function has never been directly assessed. Accordingly, a better understanding of the effects of acute negative energy balance induced by calorie restriction or aerobic exercise on insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function will have important implications for public health, by facilitating the design of effective lifestyle (diet and physical activity) interventions to prevent or treat type 2 diabetes. To test these hypotheses, whole-body insulin sensitivity, the acute insulin response to glucose, and the disposition index (i.e. beta-cell function), will be determined the morning after a single day of progressively increasing negative energy balance (equivalent to 20% or 40% of total daily energy needs for weight maintenance) induced by calorie restriction or aerobic exercise. Results from this project are expected to result in the better understanding of the effects of negative energy balance induced by diet and exercise on metabolic function. Therefore, this project may help in the design of effective lifestyle intervention programs for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Bloating, gas, pain and diarrhea are common complaints. Routine investigations are negative; these patients are labeled as IBS. In these patients, whether testing for carbohydrate malabsorption or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is useful is unclear. Investigators aim to assess the prevalence of SIBO, fructose and lactose intolerance, the usefulness of breath tests, and predictive value of pre-test symptoms.
The investigators will conduct a single-arm mixed methods pilot study to estimate weight loss as well as the percentage of participants who achieve 5% weight loss in a 16-week, Low-Carbohydrate Diabetes Prevention Program (LC-DPP). Weight loss from the pilot LC-DPP cohort will be compared to weight loss outcomes from previously published DPP studies. The investigators will also evaluate secondary outcomes including change in physical activity, mental health, psychosocial functioning, and hemoglobin A1c over the 6-month study period.
SwissChronoFood - Study of eating patterns with a smartphone app and the metabolic effects of time restricted feeding in metabolic syndrome The purpose of this study is to assess eating patterns among teenagers and adults with a new method, going beyond the pen-and-paper food diaries, and to investigate whether time restricted feeding leads to weight loss, improvement in lipid and glucose metabolism in individuals with components of the metabolic syndrome
Overweight/obese Chinese and prediabetes will be recruited and divided into three age-matched groups including high intensity exercise, moderate intensity exercise, and non-exercise groups. The exercise program will consist of three sessions per week over the course of 12 weeks, under the supervision of our in-house exercise specialists and physiologists. The effects of exercise on glucose and lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity and adiposity will be evaluated.
This study will examine the effects of almonds consumed by adults with different body fat distributions on indices of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
the results from animal studies and preliminary human studies show that carnitine availability and acetylcarnitine concentrations are low in insulin resistant states such as with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, in humans, carnitine supplementation is sometimes beneficial, but not in everyone. We hypothesize that this variability in response might be due to differences between individuals in the amount of carnitine in the muscle i.e. subjects with a low initial carnitine status will benefit more from supplementation. The state of the art non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy method allows us to identify patients muscle acetylcarnitine status. Here we aim to test whether carnitine improves insulin sensitivity, furthermore, whether acetylcarnitine concentration at baseline or other characteristics are associated with the response (in insulin sensitivity) to carnitine supplementation. Furthermore, we will examine the potentially positive effect of carnitine supplementation in type 2 diabetes patients on intrahepatic lipid content, acetylcarnitine formation, blood plasma metabolites, body composition, physical performance and quality of life
Costa ES, Izar MC, Fonseca FAH, França C, Tria H. The benefits of green banana biomass consumption in patients with diabetes mellitus. Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 2015. According to the Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders associated with microvascular complications, hyperglycemia, resulting in a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Currently, it is estimated that the world population with diabetes is 382 million people and it is expected to reach 471 million in 2035. About 80% of individuals with diabetes live in developing countries where the epidemic has greater intensity. In the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and UK Prospective Diabetes Study demonstrated that intensive glycemic control (HbA1c ~ 7.0%) reduces chronic microvascular complications. The resistant starch (RS) is defined as starch and products of its hydrolysis are not absorbed in the small intestine. The green banana presents significant levels of RS, and it is considered a source for the intake of this substance. These foods have physiological functions in the intestinal regulation in glycemic control and delayed gastric emptying. To our knowledge, there are no long-term studies with DM to prove the benefits of resistant starch use. The objective of this study is to assess the benefits of green banana biomass consumption by patients with Pre DM and DM. Considering the possibility of improving glucose, lipid profile, increasing the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin, adiponectin, and reduction in inflammatory markers IL-6, PCR.
Recently, various sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Empagliflozin is a preparation of this class of substances. SGLT2 inhibitors also lead to a reduction in body weight in addition to their blood glucose lowering effect. The basis for this is probably the calorie loss by the increased glucose excretion over the urine. However, this weight-reducing effect is lost after a few weeks of treatment and the body weight subsequently stabilizes at a lower level than before. However, patients continue to lose energy via the urine. Hence, the weight stabilization could be due to an increased energy intake as a possible consequence of a changed brain setpoint for the body weight. As the main weight loss is achieved during the first 6-8 weeks of treatment, the investigators assume that the underlying central nervous mechanisms will be present after this time. Furthermore, clinical-experimental observations show that treatment with empagliflozin promotes endogenous glucose production in the liver. This presumably compensatory mechanism also occurs after only a few weeks of treatment. The common mechanism, which could be based both on energy intake and on the endogenous glucose production effect, is still unclear. The investigators suspect that regulatory circuits in the brain contribute to these observed effects. In fact, several studies in animals as well as initial clinical studies in humans show that the brain is involved in eating behavior and peripheral metabolism. In particular, effects of the hormone insulin modulate the dietary intake via the brain, thereby affecting human body weight. Many of the experiments on the insulin sensitivity of the human brain used a specific approach to the selective delivery of insulin into the brain: the application of insulin as a nasal spray. Although this application route has no therapeutic value, this technique allows the administration of insulin to the central nervous system with little effect on the circulating insulin levels. By combining nasal insulin administration with functional MRI, regional insulin sensitivity of the brain can be quantified. The investigators recently found that the insulin action of the brain (stimulated by nasal insulin) regulates both endogenous glucose production and peripheral glucose uptake during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamps. The signals from the brain seem to reach the periphery via the autonomic nervous system in order to modulate metabolic processes. A central brain area in this regard is the hypothalamus. This brain region receives afferents over various systems such as the autonomic nervous system and various endocrine systems (including insulin). The investigators recently characterized the hypothalamus as an insulin-sensitive brain area in humans. The hypothalamus is the key area for homeostatic control throughout the body. Since the dietary intake and the endogenous glucose production are modulated by a hypothalamic insulin effect in humans, we suspect that the observed effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on both processes could be due to altered insulin activity in the brain. Since the SGLT2 inhibition by empagliflozin modulates the autonomic nervous system in the kidneys, signals from the kidney may be transmitted to the brain via the autonomic nervous system, thereby changing specific setpoints, including e.g. insulin sensitivity of the brain. In order to test this hypothesis, a precise phenotyping of prediabetic volunteers with regard to regional brain insulin sensitivity as well as the brain effect on metabolism before and after 8 weeks of treatment with empagliflozin compared to placebo is planned.