View clinical trials related to Disease.
Filter by:To Assess the Utility of Impulse Oscillometry on a Differential Diagnosis among the Patients with ACOS,asthma and COPD over Age 40.
Many patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and generalized Social Anxiety Disorder (gSAD) are treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) but few have meaningful improvement. MDD and gSAD are diseases of brain dysfunction that manifest as impaired emotion regulation; CBT teaches emotion regulation strategies but how it works in the brain remains largely unknown. Individual differences in brain function related to emotion regulation may make some patients better suited for CBT and CBT may remedy the brain dysfunction that underlies these disorders. This project will compare CBT with a placebo psychotherapy (i.e., supportive therapy) in MDD and gSAD to test, validate, and refine brain-based markers and examine mechanisms of change to examine how CBT works and for whom.
This is a cross-sectional and multicentre clinical trial to study the performance of the Histidine Rich Protein 2 (HRP2) highly sensitive rapid diagnostic test (HS-RDT) for the detection of malaria during pregnancy in low transmission settings from Colombia and Indonesia. The new HS-RDT will be compared with conventional good quality RDTs, microscopy, and NAATs [loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), nested PCR (nPCR)], in peripheral blood samples with quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) as reference standard.
Research question: The primary aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of motor impairment from birth to five years of age between children born <30 weeks and term-born controls, and to determine whether persistent abnormal motor assessments in the newborn period in those born <30 weeks predict abnormal motor functioning at age five years. Secondary aims for both children born<30 weeks and term children are i) to determine whether novel early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - based structural or functional biomarkers are detectable in the neonatal period that can predict motor impairments at five years, ii) to investigate the association between motor impairments and concurrent deficits in body structure and function at five years of age, and iii) to explore how motor impairments at five years, including abnormalities of gait, postural control and strength, are associated with concurrent functional outcomes including physical activity, cognitive and learning ability, behavioural and emotional problems. Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study. Participants and Setting: 150 preterm children (born <30 weeks) and 151 term-born children (born >36 completed weeks' gestation and weighing>2499 g) admitted to the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, were recruited at birth and will be invited to participate in a five-year follow-up study. Procedure: This study will examine previously collected data (from birth to two years) that comprises the following: detailed motor assessments and structural and functional brain MRI images. At five years, preterm and term children will be examined using comprehensive motor assessments including the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - 2nd edition and measures of gait function through spatiotemporal (assessed with the GAITRite® Walkway), dynamic postural control (assessed with Microsoft Kinect) variables and hand grip strength (assessed with a dynamometer); and measures of physical activity (assessed using accelerometry), cognitive development (assessed with Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence) and emotional and behavioural status (assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Developmental and Wellbeing Assessment). Caregivers will be asked to complete questionnaires on demographics, physical activity, activities of daily living and motor function (assessed with Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire, the Little Developmental Co-ordination Questionnaire and an activity diary) at the 5 year assessment. Analysis: For the primary aim the prevalence of motor impairment from birth to 5 years will be compared between children born <30 weeks and term-born peers using the proportion of children classified as abnormal at each of the time points (term age, one, two and five years). Persistent motor impairments during the neonatal period will be assessed as a predictor of severity of motor impairment at 5 years of age in children born <30 weeks using linear regression. Models will be fitted using generalised estimating equations with results reported using robust standard errors, to allow for the clustering of multiple births. Discussion/Significance: Understanding the developmental precursors of motor impairment in children born <30 weeks is essential to limit disruption to skill development, and potential secondary impacts on physical activity, participation, academic achievement, self-esteem and associated outcomes, such as obesity, poor physical fitness and social isolation. Better understanding of motor skill development will enable targeting of intervention and streamlining of services to the individuals who are at highest risk of motor impairments.
The main goal of the investigation is to identify the incidence of cognitive dysfunction and POD in patients older than 65 years of age undergoing neurosurgical elective surgery and determine if an association between cognitive dysfunction, basal NIRS and POD exists.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether giving gaze-contingent feedback is an effective attention modification procedure, helping in the treatment of anxiety disorders in children.
A deep neuromuscular block (NMB) is often associated with improved surgical conditions especially in laparoscopic surgery. We previously showed that deep NMB is superior to a moderate NMB under propofol anesthesia. However, this may not apply to sevoflurane anesthesia and sevoflurane by itself produces some degree of muscle relaxation. We therefore plan to investigate the effect of deep NMB on surgical conditions under sevoflurane anesthesia maintenance.
Brain Entrainment Technology (BET), also known as Binaural Beat Technology (BBT); is an auditory-neurophysiologic technique which uses auditory tones (often embedded in music, nature sounds or white noise) dichotically via stereo headphones to manipulate brainwave activity in turn affecting the listener's mental, physical and/or emotional state. Although this technology is widely marketed to the general public and can be found free in on the internet, only a hand full of scientific studies have shown its efficacy. This study is a follow-on study to the "Sound Mind Warrior (SMW) Study" (ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT02328690]) conducted 2012-2015 which assessed the efficacy of the technology (in the "theta" brainwave frequency) on the cardiovascular stress response in a group of service members with complaint of chronic stress. This study will now assess BET (in the "delta" brainwave frequency) on sleep quality in a population of military healthcare beneficiaries with complaint of poor sleep quality.
This is a single center study that uses both between-group comparisons and correlational analyses to establish biomarkers of dysmyelination and cognitive impairment in Psychotic Spectrum Disorders using imaging and neuropsychological assays.The study will provide non-invasive biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction in Psychotic Spectrum Disorder.
A visible difference can have a profound impact in a society with a massive emphasis on appearance and "looks". A vulnerable group is adolescents with a condition affecting their appearance as a result of injuries (burns, accidents), treatment (cancer), skin conditions or congenital anomalies (birthmarks, craniofacial conditions). Research has identified potential psychological difficulties, which, if not addressed, can lead to anxiety, depression, and eating disorders. In addition to medical treatment options, aiming at diminishing a difference that may be visible to others, young people with appearance concerns also need self-management skills. However, evidence-based interventions are scarce and specialised psychological treatment is difficult to reach. The Centre for Appearance Research (Bristol, UK) has developed an online intervention for adolescents, now translated into Norwegian (www.ungfaceit.no). UNG Face IT provides easy access to specialist advice and support via a home computer, using information, videos, and interactive activities. It provides advice, teaches coping and social skills, strengthening psychological adjustment to a visible difference. A systematic evaluation of the Norwegian version is needed. UNG Face IT could potentially address unmet needs, provide a cost-effective tool to reduce the need for "face-to-face" psychological and surgical/medical services, and contribute to make online health care available for young people with a visible difference.