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NCT ID: NCT00351442 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

Examining Factors That May Influence Resistance to HIV-1 Infection

Start date: February 2007
Phase: N/A
Study type: Observational

Some people who are exposed to the HIV-1 virus are capable of either controlling or completely preventing viral infection. Multiple genetic factors may contribute to preventing or controlling HIV-1 infection. The purpose of this study is to analyze the immune system responses of individuals who are exposed to HIV-1 but remain uninfected.

NCT ID: NCT00344669 Completed - Clinical trials for Low Weight for Age in Preschool Children

Effect of Mass Deworming on Child Growth

Start date: August 2000
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

The purpose of the study was to determine whether periodical mass deworming improves growth in children below six years of age.

NCT ID: NCT00342160 Completed - HIV Clinical Trials

Viral and Immunologic Factors Contributing to the Lack of HIV Transmission Among Couples in Rakai, Uganda

Start date: February 15, 2006
Phase:
Study type: Observational

This study will look at viral and immunologic factors involved in protecting against sexually transmitted HIV infection in couples in which one partner is infected and the other is not. This study will include 50 couples who reside in Rakai, Uganda, and who have been together for at least 2 years. In some couples, both partners will be HIV-infected, in some couples only one partner will have HIV, and in some couples neither partner will have HIV. Participants undergo the following procedures at each of four study visits: - HIV counseling and testing - Medical history, including questions about personal behaviors such as sexual practices and use of condoms - Blood sample collection - Urine sample collection - Vaginal swab for women Blood, urine and vaginal fluid samples are tested for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, such as syphilis. Blood and vaginal samples are also tested for HIV viral levels and immune response in HIV-infected individuals and for evidence of exposure to HIV in non-infected participants. Some blood is also tested for genetic markers to investigate whether certain proteins are related to resistance to HIV infection. ...

NCT ID: NCT00341393 Completed - HIV Clinical Trials

Validation of System for Monitoring the Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients in Africa

Start date: February 16, 2006
Phase: N/A
Study type: Observational

This study will evaluate a system for predicting the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment in African HIV clinics where standard testing methods for measuring viral load, such as RNA polymerase chain reaction, are not available or affordable. Without accurate tests to monitor viral load, treatment decisions often are based on insufficient clinical and immunologic information. This study will see if combined analysis of patients' antiretroviral treatment history, adherence to treatment, clinical findings and simple laboratory tests can predict whether their treatment is effectively lowering their viral load. An effective monitoring system such as this could reduce the number of patients kept on ineffective treatments for prolonged periods of time as well as reduce the development of drug resistance. HIV-infected patients 18 years of age and older who are being followed in the Adult Infectious Disease Clinic at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, and who have been taking antiretroviral treatment for more than 6 months may be eligible for this study. Participants' medical charts are reviewed and their medical history is taken, including questions about their treatment history, adherence to treatment, and changes in symptoms. A blood sample is drawn to determine viral load, CD4+ and CBC counts, and, if necessary, anti-viral resistance.

NCT ID: NCT00339456 Completed - HIV Clinical Trials

Intermittent Versus Continuous HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) for Treating Chronic HIV Infected Patients in Uganda

Start date: August 21, 2002
Phase: Phase 3
Study type: Interventional

Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been successful in suppressing plasma HIV RNA levels and providing significant clinical benefit in infected patients, it does not eradicate HIV infection. It is now clear that virus replication persists despite undetectable plasma viremia in individuals receiving HAART. In this regard, withdrawing HAART, even after prolonged periods of virus suppression, leads almost invariably to a rapid rebound of plasma viremia. It is also now clear that prolonged, continuous HAART carries a risk of significant toxicity and side effects. In addition, the monetary cost of HAART is prohibitive for many individuals and countries. In terms of cost, 95% of the HIV-infected individuals in the world are beyond the reach of therapy as a direct consequence of the cost of therapy. These observations may argue for a different approach to HAART with the goals of: 1) durable suppression of virus replication, without an attempt at eradication, 2) minimization of toxicity and side effects and improvement in patient life-style, and 3) a reduction in cost. Preliminary data from a pilot study conducted at the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, USA, have demonstrated that short cycle structured intermittent therapy, 7 days HAART drug followed by 7 days off HAART has maintained suppression of plasma HIV RNA while preserving CD4+ T cell counts for up to 80 weeks. In addition, there was no evidence for increased HIV in reservoir sites; nor was there evidence for the development of resistance to antiretroviral drugs. Finally, there was a decrease in parameters of toxicity. This approach may have particular applicability for the treatment of HIV in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, we propose to study the virologic and immunologic effects of short cycle intermittent versus continuous HAART in HIV-infected individuals from the JCRC (Kampala, Uganda) in a randomized, controlled, intent-to-treat trial. We shall evaluate both the 7 days on-HAART/7 days off-HAART as well as a 2 days off-HAART/5 days on-HAART approach. In December, 2004, the 7/7 arm was discontinued....

NCT ID: NCT00327964 Completed - Malaria Clinical Trials

Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) for Malaria in Kampala, Uganda

Start date: October 2005
Phase:
Study type: Observational

Malaria remains a disease that causes much death and sickness, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. An accurate, simple, and inexpensive method of diagnosing malaria is urgently needed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a different diagnostic method compared to those most frequently used. The study may also identify the factors causing false positive and false negative results using the alternative method. Participants will be 600 Ugandan children aged 1-10 years who are enrolled in protocol 04-068. Those who develop a fever over the 12 month duration of the study will be tested for malaria by both the standard and the new methods. These tests will require a few drops of blood to be collected by finger prick. Subjects will be treated on the basis of standard diagnostic testing (i.e. expert microscopy).

NCT ID: NCT00296660 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

Acute HIV Infection Observational Study

Start date: June 2006
Phase: N/A
Study type: Observational

The purpose of this study is to collect data and body fluid samples from people with acute or established HIV infection and from HIV uninfected people. Data from this study will be used to better understand properties of HIV, including HIV transmission and the differences between acute and established HIV infections.

NCT ID: NCT00271479 Completed - Clinical trials for Infections, Meningococcal

Fractional Dose Tetravalent A, C, Y, W135 Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine

Start date: June 2004
Phase: Phase 4
Study type: Interventional

Hypothesis: Lower doses of each A/C/Y/W135 component of the meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine could confer a similar functional immunogenic response as the dose of 50 μg currently being used, and subsequently be equally protective. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of fractional dose tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine to control outbreak especially caused by N. meningitidis serogroup W135 Primary Objectives: - To measure the immunogenicity of a dose corresponding to one fifth of the amount of the licensed meningococcal A/C/Y/W135 polysaccharide vaccine, i.e. 10 μg for each component; and - To measure the immunogenicity of a dose corresponding to one tenth of the licensed meningococcal A/C/Y/W135 polysaccharide vaccine, i.e. 5 μg for each component.

NCT ID: NCT00262106 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

Trial to Evaluate PRO 2000/5 Gels for the Prevention of Vaginally Acquired HIV Infection

Start date: October 2005
Phase: Phase 3
Study type: Interventional

The objective of the study is to determine the efficacy and safety of 0.5% and 2% PRO 2000/5 gels compared to placebo in preventing vaginally acquired HIV infection.

NCT ID: NCT00255567 Completed - Clinical trials for Visceral Leishmaniasis

Efficacy/Safety of Sodium Stibogluconate (SSG) Versus Paromomycin (PM) and SSG/PM Combination to Treat V Leishmaniasis

Start date: November 2004
Phase: Phase 3
Study type: Interventional

The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of SSG 30 days alone, PM 21 days alone and SSG and PM as a combination course of 17 days in the treatment of patients with VL.