There are about 279 clinical studies being (or have been) conducted in Ethiopia. The country of the clinical trial is determined by the location of where the clinical research is being studied. Most studies are often held in multiple locations & countries.
This facility-based, multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) will test the non-inferiority of short-term (7 day) urethral catheterization compared to longer-term (14 day) urethral catheterization in terms of predicting fistula repair breakdown three months following urinary fistula repair surgery. The study will be conducted among 507 women with simple fistula presenting at 8 study sites in Sub-Saharan Africa for fistula repair surgery.
Objectives: The overall objective is to monitor efficacy of mebendazole (MBZ) against Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH). The primary objective is: (1) to monitor the efficacy a single dose 500 mg of mebendazole (MBZ) against Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) infections by means of Faecal Egg Count Reduction (FECR) and Cure Rate (CR). The secondary objectives are: 1. to assess the occurrence of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenal. 2. to assess the occurrence of β-tubulin mutations related to resistance before and after drug administration. 3. to evaluate the role of dogs and pigs as reservoir for zoonotic transmission.
The Millenium development goals (MDGs) call for reducing by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water. This goal was adopted in large part because safe drinking water has been seen as critical to fighting diarrheal disease. Source protection is considered the main intervention area to achieve this goal. However, research worldwide that has shown that even drinking water which is safe at the source is subject to frequent and extensive fecal contamination during collection, storage and use in the home. This contamination is through the introduction of cups, dippers or hands, contamination by flies, cockroaches, and rats. Even piped water supplies of adequate microbial quality can pose infectious disease risks if they become contaminated due to unsanitary collection, storage conditions and practices within households. To reduce this problem, point-of-use water treatment has been advocated as a means to substantially decrease the global burden of diarrhea and to contribute to the MDGs. However, research indicates that there are many unanswered questions around Household water treatment (HWT) that require small or medium scale epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials, especially with regard to effectiveness, acceptability and identifying suitable target populations. Some of the most urgent questions to be resolved are:(1) How much of the currently cited disease reduction of HWT is due to bias? (2) What is the effect of HWT on nutritional status (weight gain and growth)?(3) At which populations should HWT be targeted? (4) Is it acceptable and sustainable in poor communities where the risk of diarrheal disease is high. hypothesis: Do household water treatment with chlorine reduce diarrhea among underfive children? hypothesis: Do household water treatment with chlorine acceptable in the community?
The purpose of this two part study is to test the safety and efficacy of Tafenoquine (with Cholorquine) as a radical cure for Plasmodium vivax (P.vivax) malaria relative to the control Chloroquine.Part 1 aims to select an efficacious and well tolerated dose that can be co-administered with Chloroquine. Part 2 will investigate the safety and efficacy of the selected dose (300 mg tafenoquine) in the treatment and radical cure of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria.
Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is widely reported in Ethiopia, with about 30% of cases being associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In absence of antiretroviral treatment (ART), poor prognosis, high mortality and high relapse rates are characteristic of Ethiopian VL patients with HIV co-infection. Conversely, co-infection can be successfully managed via a combination of effective treatment of the initial episode, timely ART and prevention of relapses. Actually, until cellular immunity returns with ART, the patient is at risk of VL relapses, which can result in death, severe illness, reduced ART efficacy, drug-resistance and possibly transmission of drug-resistant Leishmania donovani. Patients most vulnerable to relapses are those with high levels of immunosuppression, with previous VL episodes, or with opportunistic infections (OIs). The most important factor to prevent relapses seems to be the clearance of visible parasites. Limited studies in Europe show that HIV co-infected patients may benefit from secondary prevention with antimonials (part of mainstay treatment for VL in Ethiopia) and pentamidine (PM), not used for VL treatment in Africa. Such maintenance treatment has not been studied in African VL, but the poor outcomes without secondary prevention highlight a need of better care to patients at risk of relapse. This prospective cohort study aims at documenting the patient's outcomes of secondary prophylaxis with PM in VL-HIV co-infection, in terms of time to relapse or death, safety and feasibility, before it can be considered for general use in Ethiopia. A placebo group is not included, due to the clear advantages of the intervention to the patient population.
The major soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) and Necator americanus/Ancylostoma duodenal (hookworms) are amongst the most prevalent parasites worldwide. An estimated 4.5 billion individuals are at risk for STH and more than one billion individuals are thought to be infected, of which 450 million have significant morbidity attributable from their infection, school-aged children in particular. In this population infections cause stunting of the linear growth, anemia, reduce the cognitive function and contribute to the existing malnutrition. In Jimma (Ethiopia), STH are highly prevalent, affecting more than 60% of the children (data not published). Current efforts to control STH infections involve periodic mass drug anthelmintic treatment of infected children in endemic areas and are likely to intensify as more attention is addressed to the importance of these neglected diseases. Monitoring drug efficacy in these control programs has become indispensable in order to detect the emergence of resistance and/or identify confounding factors affecting the drug efficacy. Recently a study has evaluated a single dose albendazole (ALB) in school age children across 7 countries, including Ethiopia, revealing that this regime is highly efficacious for the treatment of A. lumbricoides (99.5%) and hookworms (94.8%), but not for T. trichiura (50.8%). For this parasite a repeated dose regime of ALB on consecutive days is likely to be more appropriate. Alternative drugs are mebendazole (single dose 500mg) and pyrantel+oxantel (single dose 10mg/kg), of which the latter holds promise as it can also be administrated to children between 6 months and 2 years. The main objective of the present study, therefore, is to assess the efficacy of 5 different treatment regimes against T. trichiura in schoolchildren in Jimma, Ethiopia, including albendazole (1 x 400mg, 2 x 400mg), mebendazole (1 x 500mg, 2x 500mg) and pyrantel-oxantel (10mg/kg)+mebendazole (500mg).
Aim of the study is to determine optimal time to initiate anti-retroviral therapy in HIV/TB co-infected patients who recently started treatment for Tuberculosis by comparing immediate versus deferred initiation of HAART. The study will address the following questions; - Is it possible to reduce mortality rate and increase survival by early initiation of HAART during TB treatment with out compromising for adverse drug reaction, toxicity and immune reconstitution syndrome? - What is the risk/ benefit ratio between immediate versus deferred initiation of HAART during TB treatment with respect to safety/efficacy of TB and HIV co-treatment? - When is the most appropriate time to start HAART during TB treatment?
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that with appropriate training, the provision of injectable contraceptives by community based reproductive health agents (CBRHAs) does not significantly differ from low-level clinic-based providers, or health extension workers (HEWs).
Alloimmunization to blood products in transfused patients is a recognized management challenge in the clinical setting. In particular the ethnic and racial specificity of RBC antigens and the limited availability of matched healthy volunteer blood donors have intensified the dilemma. The presence of low prevalence clinically significant RBC antigens among minorities account for the higher rate of alloimmunization observed in patients from this group. This is partly due to the racial and ethnic differences between the blood donor and recipient populations in the U.S. The increasing number of new Ethiopian-American immigrants in the US presenting to the health care system with blood transfusion requirements makes understanding the unique transfusion needs of this minority population imperative. Although the majority of African Americans claim origin to West Africa, Ethiopians, being from East Africa, represent a rapidly growing population in the United States. Furthermore, identifying genetic similarities and disparities to their West African counterparts will certainly have clinical implications in terms of transfusion support and disease modifiers. This additional information would help in understanding the natural history and transfusion requirements of certain debilitating diseases, such as Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), which are known to occur more commonly in African Americans. Identifying ethnically and racially similar individuals could assist in recruiting healthy volunteer donors with similar RBC antigen profiles potentially supplementing the rare donor pool. Although extensive archeological and sporadic serologic RBC antigen studies have been conducted in Ethiopia, there are no population wide RBC antigen molecular studies. Our study population is selected by altitude and migration history. Ethiopia, being in close proximity to the Red Sea in the northeast, Indian Ocean in the southeast and the rest of Africa in the south/west has diverse population. The study is a population based analysis of genetic variation of blood group antigens in three distinct and conserved Ethiopian sub-populations. Statistical analysis using Chi-square tests will be performed for each blood group antigen to detect differences in the distribution between the three sub-populations. The The Lead Associate Investigator (LAI), and, as appropriate, additional Investigators, will travel to Ethiopia to collect blood samples, which will be analyzed in the Department of Transfusion Medicine (DTM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) using the standard serologic methods and currently available molecular genotyping systems. Samples will also be stored for future high throughput sequencing analysis and other studies. The study will be a systematic analysis of the distribution of blood group antigens in Ethiopian sub-populations. Furthermore, new variants could be detected allowing insight into the correlation of particular genotypes and phenotypes.
Liver fibrosis is the most serious complication of schistosomiasis mansoni. However only limited proportion of subjects with infection develop this pathology and there is limited knowledge on risk factors for the differential morbidity patterns observed in endemic communities. Our preliminary cross-sectional study indicated that serum levels of antioxidants may be related with the development of fibrosis. The present project is a randomised double blinded placebo controlled prospective study investigating the role of food based antioxidant supplements on the outcome of anti-schistosomal chemotherapy with regards to the extent of fibrosis reversal.