Milrinone Inhaled in Cardiac Surgery

Coronary Artery Disease Clinical Trial

Official title:

2- Inhaled Milrinone Prevents the Increase in Pulmonary Artery Pressure After CPB

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00819377
• Other study ID #: 08-1004
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 2
• First received: January 8, 2009
• Last updated: October 23, 2013
• Start date: February 2009
• Est. completion date: December 2012

Study information

• Verified date: October 2013
• Source: Montreal Heart Institute
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: Canada: Ethics Review Committee
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Pulmonary hypertension is an important morbidity factor in patients having to undergo cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (ECC). Milrinone used in inhalation, shows evidence of being a pulmonary vasodilator able to possibly contribute to the reduction of pressure on the pulmonary artery.

Description:

This controlled, randomized, double-blind study will aim at confirming the efficiency as well as the security of Milrinone, used in inhalation, to diminish the degree of pulmonary hypertension before the cardiopulmonary bypass (ECC) circulation. In addition, the pharmacokinetic and echo graphic repercussions of administering the medication will be analysed. At the present time, there is no data on the pharmacokinetics of the medication when it's administered through inhalation. For this reason, we would like to study the serous rate of the medication in the minutes following its administration through inhalation.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 124
• Est. completion date: December 2012
• Est. primary completion date: January 2012
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Both
• Age group: 18 Years to 90 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult patients scheduled for elective valvular or complex (2 or more valves or

• valve and revascularization) cardiac surgery under CPB with preoperative PHT defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) over 30 mmHg or

• systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) over 40 mmHg (using preoperative right-sided catheterization or estimated by echocardiography).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Cardiac surgery not requiring CPB, contraindication to TEE (esophageal pathology or unstable cervical spine) and emergency surgery.

• Patients will be recruited the day before surgery and randomized using computerized cards by the pharmacy department

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Investigator), Primary Purpose: Treatment

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Coronary Artery Disease
• Coronary Disease
• Hypertension, Pulmonary
• Myocardial Ischemia
• Valvular Insufficiency
• Valvular Stenosis

Intervention

Drug:
• Milrinone
inhaled milrinone 5 mg (as for the injectable solution)
• Normal saline
5 ml normal saline by inhalation over 15 min

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Canada	Montreal Heart Institute	Montreal	Quebec

Sponsors (4)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Andre Denault	Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society, Heart and stoke fondation of Quebec, Organon

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Canada, 

References & Publications (27)

Baim DS, McDowell AV, Cherniles J, Monrad ES, Parker JA, Edelson J, Braunwald E, Grossman W. Evaluation of a new bipyridine inotropic agent--milrinone--in patients with severe congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1983 Sep 29;309(13):748-56. — View Citation

Bernstein AD, Parsonnet V. Bedside estimation of risk as an aid for decision-making in cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000 Mar;69(3):823-8. — View Citation

Couture P, Denault AY, Pellerin M, Tardif JC. Milrinone enhances systolic, but not diastolic function during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2007 Jul;54(7):509-22. — View Citation

Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Adams KF Jr, Benza R, Bourge R, Colucci WS, Massie BM, O'Connor CM, Pina I, Quigg R, Silver MA, Gheorghiade M; Outcomes of a Prospective Trial of Intravenous Milrinone for Exacerbations of Chronic Heart Failure (OPTIME-CHF) Investigators. Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002 Mar 27;287(12):1541-7. — View Citation

Denault AY, Chaput M, Couture P, Hébert Y, Haddad F, Tardif JC. Dynamic right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006 Jul;132(1):43-9. — View Citation

Denault AY, Lamarche Y, Couture P, Haddad F, Lambert J, Tardif JC, Perrault LP. Inhaled milrinone: a new alternative in cardiac surgery? Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006 Dec;10(4):346-60. Review. — View Citation

Doolan LA, Jones EF, Kalman J, Buxton BF, Tonkin AM. A placebo-controlled trial verifying the efficacy of milrinone in weaning high-risk patients from cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1997 Feb;11(1):37-41. — View Citation

Fiset P, Mathers L, Engstrom R, Fitzgerald D, Brand SC, Hsu F, Shafer SL. Pharmacokinetics of computer-controlled alfentanil administration in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 1995 Nov;83(5):944-55. — View Citation

Haraldsson s A, Kieler-Jensen N, Ricksten SE. The additive pulmonary vasodilatory effects of inhaled prostacyclin and inhaled milrinone in postcardiac surgical patients with pulmonary hypertension. Anesth Analg. 2001 Dec;93(6):1439-45, table of contents. — View Citation

Hoffman TM, Wernovsky G, Atz AM, Kulik TJ, Nelson DP, Chang AC, Bailey JM, Akbary A, Kocsis JF, Kaczmarek R, Spray TL, Wessel DL. Efficacy and safety of milrinone in preventing low cardiac output syndrome in infants and children after corrective surgery for congenital heart disease. Circulation. 2003 Feb 25;107(7):996-1002. — View Citation

Hudson RJ, Thomson IR, Jassal R. Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on sufentanil pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Anesthesiology. 2004 Oct;101(4):862-71. — View Citation

Iwagaki T, Irie J, Ijichi K, Uratsuji Y. [The effects of milrinone on hemodynamics in patients undergoing cardiac surgery]. Masui. 2001 Apr;50(4):360-4. Japanese. — View Citation

Kikura M, Levy JH, Michelsen LG, Shanewise JS, Bailey JM, Sadel SM, Szlam F. The effect of milrinone on hemodynamics and left ventricular function after emergence from cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg. 1997 Jul;85(1):16-22. — View Citation

Kim JH, Ham BM, Kim YL, Bahk JH, Ryu HG, Jeon YS, Kim KB. Prophylactic milrinone during OPCAB of posterior vessels: implication in angina patients taking beta-blockers. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003 Nov;24(5):770-6. — View Citation

Lamarche Y, Malo O, Thorin E, Denault A, Carrier M, Roy J, Perrault LP. Inhaled but not intravenous milrinone prevents pulmonary endothelial dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Jul;130(1):83-92. — View Citation

Lamarche Y, Perrault LP, Maltais S, Tétreault K, Lambert J, Denault AY. Preliminary experience with inhaled milrinone in cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007 Jun;31(6):1081-7. Epub 2007 Apr 2. — View Citation

Lindsay CA, Barton P, Lawless S, Kitchen L, Zorka A, Garcia J, Kouatli A, Giroir B. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of milrinone lactate in pediatric patients with septic shock. J Pediatr. 1998 Feb;132(2):329-34. — View Citation

Lobato EB, Florete O Jr, Bingham HL. A single dose of milrinone facilitates separation from cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with pre-existing left ventricular dysfunction. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Nov;81(5):782-4. — View Citation

Maslow AD, Regan MM, Schwartz C, Bert A, Singh A. Inotropes improve right heart function in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. Anesth Analg. 2004 Apr;98(4):891-902, table of contents. — View Citation

Oddie CJ, Jackman GP, Bobik A. Analysis of milrinone in plasma using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1986 Jan 10;374(1):209-14. — View Citation

Omae T, Kakihana Y, Mastunaga A, Tsuneyoshi I, Kawasaki K, Kanmura Y, Sakata R. Hemodynamic changes during off-pump coronary artery bypass anastomosis in patients with coexisting mitral regurgitation: improvement with milrinone. Anesth Analg. 2005 Jul;101(1):2-8, table of contents. — View Citation

Packer M, Carver JR, Rodeheffer RJ, Ivanhoe RJ, DiBianco R, Zeldis SM, Hendrix GH, Bommer WJ, Elkayam U, Kukin ML, et al. Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. The PROMISE Study Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1991 Nov 21;325(21):1468-75. — View Citation

Robitaille A, Denault AY, Couture P, Bélisle S, Fortier A, Guertin MC, Carrier M, Martineau R. Importance of relative pulmonary hypertension in cardiac surgery: the mean systemic-to-pulmonary artery pressure ratio. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006 Jun;20(3):331-9. Epub 2006 Apr 19. — View Citation

Sablotzki A, Starzmann W, Scheubel R, Grond S, Czeslick EG. Selective pulmonary vasodilation with inhaled aerosolized milrinone in heart transplant candidates. Can J Anaesth. 2005 Dec;52(10):1076-82. — View Citation

Shibata T, Suehiro S, Sasaki Y, Hosono M, Nishi S, Kinoshita H. Slow induction of milrinone after coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001 Feb;7(1):23-7. — View Citation

Solina A, Papp D, Ginsberg S, Krause T, Grubb W, Scholz P, Pena LL, Cody R. A comparison of inhaled nitric oxide and milrinone for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in adult cardiac surgery patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2000 Feb;14(1):12-7. — View Citation

Yamada T, Takeda J, Katori N, Tsuzaki K, Ochiai R. Hemodynamic effects of milrinone during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass: comparison of patients with a low and high prebypass cardiac index. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2000 Aug;14(4):367-73. — View Citation

* Note: There are 27 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	To demonstrate that inhaled milrinone administered before CPB is superior to placebo in reducing the severity of difficult separation from bypass		End of CPB	Yes
Secondary	Reduction in morbidity and mortality post-op		At discharge, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year by telephone	Yes
Secondary	Reduction in pulmonary artery pressure		Same day before and after CPB	Yes
Secondary	Right ventricular function measured using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and TEE		Same day before and after the CPB	Yes
Secondary	Serum levels of milrinone in relation with the pharmacodynamic marker		Same day pre CPB per CPB and post CPB	Yes
Secondary	reduction of the composite index of hemodynamic complications (defined as hospital death, vasoactive drugs > 24 hours and post-op cardiac arrest),		24 hrs post op and hospital discharge	Yes