View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:This study will evaluate how the immune system responds to influenza infection and compare how the infection differs in patients with a weakened immune system versus those with a healthy immune system. Patients at the NIH Clinical Center who are older than 2 years of age and who are diagnosed with influenza A or B may be eligible for this study. Patients with healthy immune systems and weakened immune systems are included. Participants answer questions about how they are feeling and have a physical examination to evaluate their symptoms. Blood and nasal fluid are collected on the first day and then every other day for a total of 8 days. Nasal fluid is collected by either inserting a small tube in the nose and washing the nose with salt water and collecting the fluid obtained, or by rubbing the inside of the nose with a swab. Physical examinations are repeated on the days that blood and nasal fluid are collected.
The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of ceftobiprole versus a comparator in patients with fever and neutropenia
The purpose of this study is to find out if chlorhexidine gluconate solution is better at reducing the rate of wound infection after cesarean section compared to povidone-iodine.
The objectives of this multinational study are to assess the clinical outcomes of patients with Acinetobacter bloodstream infection and to further assess the predictors of mortality in this patient population. We also aim to characterize the molecular epidemiology of this remarkable organism in an attempt to further understand its transmission dynamics on a global level and to determine whether increased pathogenicity is geographically dependent.
Health-care-acquired infections are of tremendous importance for patients, especially catheter-associated infections. More than 40% of all bloodstream infections are associated with central venous catheters (CVC; catheters which are inserted into a large vein near the heart). Of all patients that acquire such an infection 1% to 5% die as a result from it. The insertion site is the main source of contamination and infection. In general, bacteria of the skin are the cause of infection, especially in short-term CVCs (10-14 days). Therefore it is necessary to efficiently disinfect the skin for the preparation and care of CVC insertion sites. Several substances are used for disinfection. Alcohol-based disinfectants are mainly used in Central Europe, other preparations contain povidine-iodine or chlorhexidine. Alcoholic disinfectants have a rapid initial effect, chlorhexidine shows an additional remanent (longer lasting) effect. A further substance, octenidine dihydrochloride, also demonstrated a remanent effect in a pilot study with neurosurgical patients. The purpose of our study is to compare an alcohol-based disinfectant containing octenidine dihydrochloride with a pure alcoholic disinfectant regarding efficacy and tolerability in patients receiving a CVC for a minimum of 5 days.
The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and tolerability of doripenem compared to imipenem in Ventilator-assisted pneumonia and complicated Intra-abdominal Infection. The study population will include hospitalized patients (or patients resident in a chronic health care facility) who have a diagnosis of either Ventilator associated pneumonia or complicated Intra-abdominal Infection.
Each year up to 22 million persons in the US are tested for HIV. Currently available "rapid" tests do not provide test results for at least 30 minutes from the collection of serum and plasma from the subject. Providing accurate test results in less than a minute would make it easier to make timely decisions about treatment and counselling. This study will compare results of an experimental rapid test to existing standards to determine if the test can reliably and accurately diagnose HIV in less than one minute.
Two Phase III trials to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of oritavancin in the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI) have been completed. The pharmacokinetic profile of oritavancin in humans suggests that oritavancin has the potential to be used safely and effectively when given either as a single dose or as an infrequent dose for cSSSI. Data from animals support this theory. SIMPLIFI has been designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of either a single dose of oritavancin or an infrequent dose of oritavancin (First dose on Day one with an option for a second dose on Day five) compared to the previously studied dosing regimen of 200mg oritavancin given once daily for 3 to 7 days.
Study Hypothesis: Do certain risk behaviours impact/predict levels of HIV antiretroviral adherence? Objectives: - To assess risk behavior in HIV-positive individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.(HAART) - To assess levels of adherence in the same subjects at the same time point - To determine if there is a correlation between HAART adherence and risk behaviour
Primary Objectives: 1. To determine whether high-risk sexual behaviors are more common in patients with oropharyngeal cancer than in patients with head and neck cancers of other sub-sites. 2. To determine if high-risk sexual behaviors are more common in patients with HPV (human papillomavirus) associated head and neck cancer than those without evidence of HPV-16 infection.