View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:The goal of this study is to characterize the function and efficacy of the bioactive nutrient, vitamin D, in relation to infection and inflammatory status across pregnancy. The three specific aims of this study are 1) To address the impact of maternal vitamin D status on inflammation and infections across pregnancy using retrospective data, 2) To address the impact of vitamin D supplementation on maternal vitamin D status, inflammation and infections across pregnancy using prospective data and 3) To assess the impact of maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy on inflammatory mediators at the level of the placenta.
The purpose of this research study is to compare the effectiveness of commonly used decolonization treatments (application of mupirocin antibiotic ointment to the nose and bleach baths) when performed by individuals with a history of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) in the prior year (individualized approach) in comparison to decolonization of all household members (household approach) in an attempt to prevent Staphylococcus aureus skin infections. The investigators hypothesize an individualized decolonization approach will be equally as effective as a household approach to prevent SSTI.
This is a nonblinded randomized controlled trial which is a survey-based comparison between supportive treatments for symptom relief from pediatric upper respiratory infection (URI). The primary objective of this study is to determine if the use of handheld humidifier improves URI symptom scores and/or reduces use of over the counter medications compared to other supportive treatments for pediatric URIs (ie. OTC cold medications, room air humidifier). Study duration is approximately 1 year and the individual intervention is 4 days.
The goal is to improve the evidence-based management of fever cases seen in outpatient clinics in malaria endemic countries, through a better understanding of the value of accurate malaria diagnosis, and through an improved understanding of the other causes of fever in children. The objective is to describe systematically (as much as possible) the etiologies of fever in children in an urban and in a rural environment of sub-Saharan Africa.
This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of delafloxacin patients with acute bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (ABSSSI).
Background- In recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs) usual prophylactic antibiotic regimes do not change the long term risk of recurrence. Objective- D-Mannose is a sugar, it sticks to E. coli bacteria, the aim of the study was to evaluate its efficacy in the treatment and prophylaxis of recurrent UTIs. Design, setting and participants- : In this crossover trial female patient were eligible for the study if they had recurrent UTIs, that is three ore more episodes during the preceding 12 months. Suitable patients were randomly assigned to antibiotic treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or to a regimen of oral D Mannose for 24 weeks, and received the other intervention in the second phase of the study. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis- The time to recurrence of UTI, bladder pain (VAS p) and urinary urgency (VAS u) were evaluated at the end of antibiotic therapy and at the and of 24 weeks fo D Mannose. The results for quantitative variables were expressed as mean values and SD as they were all normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk test). T-test for paired data was used to analyze differences of time of recurrence, VAS pain, Vas urgency and number of voidings between treatment. Data analysis was performed with STATA statistical package (release 11,1, 2010, Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA).
The purpose of this trial is to make a comparison between the use of antiseptic silver alloy-coated silicone urinary catheters and the use of conventional silicone urinary catheters in spinal cord injured patients to prevent urinary infections.
The purpose of this study is to compare the safety and tolerability of ascending doses of SB 9200 given for up to 14 days to subjects with chronic Hepatitis C infection.
The primary purpose of this study is to study the safety and tolerability of a HIV drug and to evaluate a decrease of HIV-1 virus level in blood after treatments in HIV-1 infected patients
The last decade has witnessed an important reduction of the mortality in children under 5 years but such reduction has not impacted in neonates. Mortality in neonates contributes 40% of all deaths occurring in children below 5 years of age. Severe bacterial disease is among the leading causes of neonatal deaths. Bacterial disease follows bacterial infection. Individuals can be infected without developing disease (carriage stage) but infection is needed to subsequently develop disease. In sub-Saharan Africa, bacterial carriage (i.e. in the birth canal and/or nasopharyngeal tract) is very common in all age groups, with the consequence that occurrence of bacterial disease is one of the highest in the world. Newborns can be infected during labour - when passing through the birth canal - and during the first days/weeks of life, as a consequence of the close physical contact with the mother, if the latter carries bacteria in the nasopharyngeal tract. If the mother is an important source of bacterial infection to the newborn, treating mothers with a powerful antibiotic during labour should decrease bacterial carriage and therefore diminish the risk of bacterial transmission to the newborn during the first days/weeks of life, which should in turn result in the lower occurrence of severe bacterial disease and hence lower mortality. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the impact of a single oral dose of azithromycin given to women in labour on bacterial carriage of the newborn as well as the women during the first month after delivery. The investigators have selected an antibiotic (azithromycin) that in sub-Saharan Africa has already shown both a strong impact on bacterial nasopharyngeal carriage and on all-cause mortality when administered to everybody in a community (mass drug administration). This specific antibiotic has several advantages for being deployable as a simple intervention in rural Africa, i.e. it requires a single oral administration, it has no special storage requirements and it has the potential to eliminate many of the bacteria commonly causing severe disease in newborn. This clinical trial will be conducted in a peri-urban health facility in Western Gambia. If an impact is shown, the next step would be to conduct a larger study aiming at establishing if the intervention, implemented at a lower level of care (most African women deliver at home assisted by traditional birth assistants), decreases the occurrence of neonatal bacterial disease