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Filter by:The study was conducted between 2004 and 2006 to prove efficacy and tolerability of the antimuscarinic propiverine compared to placebo in children suffering from non-neurogenic overactive bladder and urinary incontinence.
The purpose of this study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of this Differential Wraparound model, in 5 Children's Aid Societies within Hamilton-Niagara Region, in preventing maltreatment cases from either becoming ongoing protection cases, or the children ending up in out-of-home of out-of community placements, as well as reducing the amount of time in Children's Aid Society care as compared to usual Children's Aid Society risk assessment and protection service alone.
1. Is the AO Pediatric classification for long bones fractures reproductible? 2. Is the AO Pediatric Classification for long bones fractures a treatment guide? 3. The AO pediatric Classification for long bones fractures could be a prognosis factor?
Background: Exhaled nitric oxide and inflammatory biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate may be useful to diagnose and monitor childhood asthma. Their ability to indicate an asthma diagnosis, and to assess asthma severity and control, is largely unknown. Objective: To study 1) the ability of exhaled nitric oxide and inflammatory markers in exhaled breath condensate (nitrite, nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, 8-isoprostane, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2,-4,-5,-10, acidity) to discriminate between childhood asthma and controls. 2) the ability of these biomarkers to indicate asthma severity and control. Methods: 114 Children were included: 64 asthmatics (10.7±3.0 years, 67.2% atopic) and 50 controls (10.0±0.4 years). Condensate was collected using a glass condenser
Background: With documented rise in bacterial resistance in vitro to co-trimoxazole, there is a need to document in vivo effectiveness of the drug in treatment of non-severe pneumonia in the community setting. Setting: The study will be conducted in 18 rural primary health center (PHC) in 9 districts in India near Lucknow, Nagpur, New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Trivandrum, Vellore, Chandigarh and Bhopal. Design: The unit of randomization will be the PHC. The recruited children will be followed up on days 4, 6 and 13-15 to assess primary and secondary outcome measures. Hypothesis: The primary hypothesis is that the clinical failure rate with use of either oral amoxycillin for three days or five days co-trimoxazole is similar. Intervention: Oral Co-trimoxazole (8mg/kg/day trimithoprim) twice a day for five days vs. oral amoxycillin (20 mg/kg/day) thrice a day for three days. Main objective: To compare the proportion of children aged 2 to 59 months presenting with non-severe pneumonia with or without wheeze, who do achieve clinical cure on day 6 on treatment with 5 days oral co-trimoxazole and 3 day oral amoxycillin, respectively. Main outcomes measures: Clinical cure on day 6; clinical failure between day 1-6; clinical relapse between day 7-15. Inclusion criteria: Children aged 2-59 months with non-severe pneumonia based on WHO criteria of respiratory rate above the age specific cut-off with or without wheeze, accessible to follow up, whose guardians give written informed consent. Exclusion criteria: Children with severe disease, other infectious disease requiring antibiotic treatment, documented use of antibiotic for the last 48 hours, three or more episodes of wheezing in a year, diagnosed asthmatics, known immunodeficiency disease, acute or chronic organic disease, history of hospitalization within last 15 days, measles within last one month, drug allergy, refusal to give consent, prior enrollment in the study. Sample size: Has been calculated to test the null hypothesis. There will be 1100 children in each arm. Thus each PHC is required to recruit a minimum of 122 cases within one year. Policy relevance: The findings of the study can effect the ARI management policy. If the current study proves that three day amoxycillin is clinically as effective as five day co-trimoxazole and with the well documented evidence of rising resistance to co-trimoxazole, short course amoxycillin may become the first line treatment for non-severe pneumonia Time line: 18 months. Pilot in March 2003, enrollments from April 2003, Interim analysis Nov. 2003, DMC meet Dec. 2003, Data cleaning June 2004, DMC meet July 2004, Manuscript writing Aug.2004.
A randomized control trial of bimanual training. The protocols have been developed at Columbia University to be child friendly and draws upon our experience since 1997 with constraint-induced movement therapy in children with cerebral palsy.
Helicobacter pylori is recognized as a major gastrointestinal pathogen in developing countries. This microorganism infects up to 60% of children less than five years in those countries and is strongly associated with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease in children and adults. The progression of gastritis to atrophy often leads to decreased gastric acid output, which is a well-known risk factor for anemia. Gastric acid is essential for increasing the bioavailability and absorption of non-heme dietary iron, the most important source of iron in developing countries. Numerous reports suggest that iron malabsorption secondary to low gastric acid output is a problem in developing world countries. It has been further observed that iron deficiency anemia is resistant to iron therapy particularly in these countries. In a recently completed study we observed an association of anaemia with H. pylori infection. We hypothesize that the poor bioavailability of iron in these countries could be related to H. pylori -induced low gastric acid output and we propose to investigate the role of H. pylori infection as a cause of anemia and treatment failure of iron supplementation in Bangladesh. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled field trial is proposed among four groups ( 65 each) of H. Pylori infected children of 2-5 years of age with iron deficiency anemia. The children will be assigned to one of the four therapies: antibiotics alone (for H. Pylori eradication), antibiotic plus iron therapy, iron therapy alone, or placebo. Hemoglobin concentration, serum ferritin concentration, and transferrin receptor will be measured before and at 1 and 3 month after the intervention. We also propose a complementary study in an additional 20 children with H. Pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia to assess iron absorption with application of double stable isotopes. The change in hematological parameters will also be compared among the groups before and after the therapy. The results of this study are expected to have implications in the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in developing countries.
Sputum specimens will be obtained from children < 2 years of age and processed by different mode for the HMPV, RSV, Pertussis, Influenza A, B, Parainfluenza 1,2,3, Adenovirus. Clinical and epidemiological data will also be obtained.
We conducted a longitudinal study to assess the immunogenicity of standard-titer measles vaccine in HIV-infected and uninfected Zambian children. The study hypothesis was that HIV-infected children would have higher rates of primary and secondary measles vaccine failure compared to uninfected children, contributing to decreased levels of population immunity to measles and facilitating measles virus transmission in regions of high HIV prevalence.
In children with chronic kidney disease, progression to end-stage renal failure is associated with high patient morbidity and poor quality of life. In adults, inhibition of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) slows down the rate of renal failure progression. This concept is as yet unproven in children, in whom chronic renal failure (CRF) is more commonly due to hypo/dysplastic malformations than to acquired glomerulopathies as typical for adult chronic kidney disease. The current project aims at assessing the genetic and molecular mechanisms and cardiovascular consequences of progressive CRF and to develop a strategy of pharmacological renoprotection in children.