Cardiovascular Diseases Clinical Trial
To examine trends in trans-fatty acid intake by using newly available nutrient data to recalculate 24 dietary recalls from the Minnesota Heart Survey.
BACKGROUND:
In recent years concern has arisen about the potential health hazards of trans-fatty acids
in the American diet. Dietary intake of trans-fatty acids has been linked to unhealthy
shifts in serum lipid profiles and to coronary heart disease (CHD) in a number of studies.
Although several studies have estimated intakes of trans-fatty acids in U.S. populations,
presently data is lacking regarding trends in intake of trans-fatty acids in the population.
Furthermore, it is unclear how trends in intake of trans-fatty acids may be related to
changes in other dietary and non-dietary CHD risk factors and CHD mortality.
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
The study used newly available nutrient data to recalculate dietary data collected as part
of the Minnesota Heart Survey (MHS) to examine trends in intake of trans-fatty acids. The
MHS was an ongoing observational epidemiologic study of trends in risk factors and
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among independent cross-sectional probability samples
of the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, metropolitan area. Surveys were conducted in
1980-1982, 1985-1987, 1990-1992 and 1995-1997. Diet was among the CVD risk factors measured
as part of each survey. In this research, 24-hour dietary recalls collected from MHS
participants were recalculated using an updated food and nutrient database that included
trans-fatty acid values (16:1, 18:1, 18:2, and total). Intake estimates resulting from
recalculation were analyzed to examine temporal trends in trans-fatty acid intake between
1980 and 1997, and to examine the relationship of temporal trends in trans-fatty acid intake
to temporal changes in other dietary and non-dietary CHD risk factors and changes in CHD
mortality. The MHS data provided a unique opportunity to examine a dietary constituent only
recently recognized as a potential risk factor for CHD.
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