View clinical trials related to Cardiovascular Diseases.
Filter by:The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing over the past couple of decades. Similar to adults, overweight and obesity in young children and adolescents is associated with an increased number of cardiovascular risk factors including dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that foods and ingredients rich in select flavonoids, such as cocoa, red grape products, tea, citrus fruits, and strawberries are protective against the development of cardiovascular disease. Strawberries are rich in flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols, ellagic acid and its glucose ester, ellagitanin. A number of in vitro studies have observed that these isolated compounds, as well as strawberry extracts have the potential to affect outcomes of cardiovascular health, including vascular reactivity, cellular signaling and oxidant defense6,7. We hypothesize that strawberry intake will lead to improvements in select measures of cardiovascular function in overweight and obese adolescent males.
The association between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has mostly been studied using broad endpoints or have focused on cause-specific mortality. The investigators aim to compare the effect of body mass index (BMI) on different types of initial presentation of CVD.
Current standard prophylactic immunosuppression in renal transplantation includes tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, dosed twice daily. In Canada, oral tacrolimus has been available as a twice daily formulation marketed as Prograf® since 1997. It has recently become available in an extended release formulation called Advagraf®, which is dosed once daily. Advagraf® has been demonstrated to be therapeutically equivalent to Prograf® in the renal transplant maintenance population, and as a result it has been is approved as an alternative to the twice daily formulation in these patients. There is an evolving and expanding positive clinical experience with Advagraf® in kidney transplantation and it has shown to be preferred by many patients, due to the diminished dosing frequency. In clinical trials, Advagraf® has been shown to have other potential benefits over Prograf® such as less inter and intra-patient variability, improved cardiovascular profiles, and improved kidney function. Compared to Prograf®, Advagraf® also has a lower Cmin or 'trough' concentration as well as a lower Cmax or 'peak' concentration. The purpose of this study is to convert stabilized renal transplant patients currently receiving Prograf® to Advagraf®, to investigate these potential therapeutic benefits. The Framingham Risk Score and the Reynold's Risk Score are currently recommended by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) to predict 10-year cardiovascular risk in the general population. Surrogate markers are widely used in clinical trials to shorten follow-up durations. In this study, the investigators will use the Framingham Risk Score and Reynold's Risk Score to quantify changes in estimated cardiovascular risk. The investigators also intend to examine novel inflammatory markers to investigate cardiovascular risk. The investigators hypothesize that the more consistent drug exposure and lower Cmax noted with Advagraf® will decrease Framingham Risk Score, Reynolds Risk score as well as markers of inflammation in kidney transplant recipients.
African American (AA) women have the lowest physical activity (PA) levels, which contributes to substantial disparities in cardiovascular health and depressive symptoms. There is a need to examine ways to promote PA that are appealing, applicable to clinical practice, and cost-effective. The purpose of this clinical trial is to test the efficacy of the Women's Walking Program (WWP), consisting of a lifestyle PA prescription and "group visit" delivery model, with or without tailored telephone contacts between group visits for increasing adherence to PA and improving health outcomes. Two telephone contact strategies will be compared against a no-telephone control condition: a person-administered contact strategy using brief motivational interviewing and an automated contact strategy using a telephone computer-linked system. Group visits and telephone contacts are designed to increase adherence to lifestyle PA with an emphasis on accumulation of 3,000 steps daily over baseline. The aims of this study are (1) to compare the initial (adoption 24 weeks) and longer-term (maintenance 2nd 24 weeks) effectiveness of the WWP plus person-administered telephone contacts, WWP plus automated telephone contacts, and the WWP without telephone contacts on (a) increasing adherence to lifestyle PA, (b) improving health outcomes (aerobic fitness, body composition, depressive symptoms), (c) improving self-efficacy (confidence in one's ability to be physically active) and outcome expectations (expected benefits to being more active); and (2) to compare cost-effectiveness of the three telephone treatment conditions in relation to adherence to lifestyle PA and health outcomes. The investigators will randomly assignment of the order of administering the three conditions to six community health care sites. These six sites are similar with respect to race, socioeconomic status, and residential mobility. The study will include 288 sedentary AA women aged 40 to 65 years who have no major signs or symptoms of cardiovascular disease (CVD); no history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or diabetics with elevated HgA1c; BP < 160/100. Initial screening will occur in person or over the phone. Further screening at the data collection site with an advanced practice nurse will include blood work for glucose and lipoproteins, a history and physical, and resting EKG. At baseline, 24 and 48 weeks all women who are eligible will: be given questionnaires on physical activity, health and factors that influence their physical activity; have their height, weight, waist circumference measured; and do a two minute step test. All three treatment group will attend 5 group visits every 5 weeks during adoption (first 24 weeks) and 1 booster group visit during maintenance (week 36). The group visit consists of brief individual time with a staff member followed by a group visit with motivational videotapes. All treatment groups will self-monitor their physical activity with accelerometers and enter their step data into a voice response system. The groups receiving the automated telephone contact strategy and the group receiving the person telephone contact strategy will have the same number and spacing of the telephone contacts (nine 10- to 15-minute telephone contacts delivered every two to three weeks between group visits during adoption and two telephone contacts [weeks 28, 43] during maintenance). Using motivational interviewing, a nurse will tailor the telephone discussion to the person telephone contact group to match the participant's needs, experiences, barriers, motivation, and confidence. Women in the automated telephone contact group will receive an automated call with feedback on their progress based on the information they reported into the ATCL system. The automated telephone contact system will deliver feedback on progress, problem solving, goal-setting, and support. All information will be delivered in the voice of one of our staff members. The third treatment group will receive no telephone contacts between group visits. Potential risks exist for women who have medical problems, which contraindicate physical exercise. Additional risks associated with the walking program include safety and injury. There are potential risks of infection at the site of the one time finger blood withdrawal. Potential benefits to subjects include improved aerobic fitness, blood cholesterol, body composition and blood pressure and fewer symptoms. The subjects will be given a physical activity prescription that should benefit them through life and decrease their risk for CVD. Women will be recruited throughout the West and South side of Chicago. They will give verbal consent at the screening questionnaire and sign an informed consent at the time of the screening history and physical. They will be told that participation is voluntary, they may decline or withdraw at will at any time, and all results will be held strictly confidential.
The purpose of this study is to test whether a culturally sensitive self-management (SM) intervention, compared to an education only control, will reduce all-cause hospital days in patients with mild to moderate heart failure and household income less than $30,000 per year.
This study is to evaluate the benefit/risk of hormone replacement treatment among early menopausal women in China. This is a multi-centre, random, prospective study.
To determine whether individuals who suffer from depression and obesity are able to lose weight and show improvements in mood and cardiovascular disease risk factors following 20 weeks of a combined treatment of cognitive-behavior therapy for depression and behavior modification for weight loss. Participants will be assigned to one of three treatments: 1) cognitive-behavior therapy for the treatment of depression combined with an alternative approach to weight loss, 2) a weight loss intervention combined with a depression support and education , or 3) cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression combined with a weight loss intervention.
This cross-sectional study was primarily a cardiovascular disease (CVD) study designed a) to compare selected CVD biomarker data between subjects who were long-term consumers of cigarettes or moist snuff and non-consumers of tobacco and b) to identify principal endpoints related to CVD risk that differed among the three tobacco-use cohorts. The following assessments provided the primary study endpoints for comparative analyses between the cohorts: 1. CVD-related physiological assessments: Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), ankle-brachial index (ABI), spirometry and expired carbon monoxide (ECO). 2. CVD-related biomarker assessments in blood and urine (biomarkers of tobacco effect). 3. Biomarkers of tobacco exposure in urine and blood.
The objective of this study is to determine the acute and chronic [4-week] effects of a high-DHA fish oil supplement on fasting and post-prandial (post-meal) biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk, in adults on Statin therapy.
The purpose of the ACCELERATE study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of evacetrapib in participants with high-risk vascular disease (HRVD).