View clinical trials related to Cardiovascular Diseases.
Filter by:The cyclic movement of the heart and the coronary arteries induces relative axial movement between the artery and a pre-deployed intra-luminal stent which may cause malpositioning. Using a new imaging algorithm to indicate the position of a stent in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the investigators will measure the pre-deployment relative, intra-luminal stent axial movement in the different coronary arteries to facilitate the precise deployment site.
Evidence suggests that a diet rich in plant phenolic compounds may induce beneficial vascular effects. Coffee is a good source of phenolic compounds called chlorogenic acids (CGA), however the level of CGA is reduced during the roasting process. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of coffee roasting on vascular response. The investigators hypothesize that coffee roasted to a lesser extent will exert a favourable vascular response over more heavily roasted coffee due to the higher levels of CGA.
This study is a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial comparing Rosuvastatin with placebo in HIV positive people who are at intermediate cardiovascular risk. It is possible that HIV positive people will receive a greater benefit from statins because of their higher baseline levels of inflammation. Current Australian guidelines recommend initiation of statin therapy on the basis of cholesterol level and the presence of other risk factors for heart disease (such as diabetes) but do not take into account whether a patient is infected with HIV. This study aims to determine what benefit HIV infected people will receive from starting statin therapy earlier then currently recommended.
Estimate the response of ankle to brachial pressure index to incremental maximum exercise in subjects free from prior cardiovascular disease. Estimate morbi-mortality of included patients over a 5 years follow up.
Subclinical inflammation is now indisputably recognized as a key etiological factor in the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease. Obesity and related dysmetabolic states including metabolic syndrome (MetS) are highly prevalent causes of subclinical inflammation. Obesity and MetS are both diet and lifestyle-related and there is a growing body of literature suggesting that specific nutrients, such as long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA), may attenuate the pro-inflammatory state associated with these conditions. However, careful review of existing literature on this topic reveals important gaps in knowledge, the purported anti-inflammatory effects of LCn-3PUFA even being questioned by many. Significant confounding attributable to study design, sample size and biomarker selection may be responsible in part for inconsistencies in the literature on LCn-3PUFA and inflammation. We also found that evidence available to date (for and against) is based primarily on secondary analyses, as most of the studies published were not primarily designed to investigate inflammation as a primary outcome. It remains unclear whether the different LCn-3PUFA, primarily docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), have similar effects on pro-inflammatory processes as almost all studies were undertaken using a mix of LCn-3PUFA. Whether efficacy of EPA and DHA is influenced by sex/gender is also unknown. Finally, a better understanding of the systemic and tissue-specific mechanisms underlying the anticipated anti-inflammatory effects of different LCn-3PUFA in MetS would also be of great value. Addressing these gaps has important public health implications, considering that LCn-3PUFA supplements are broadly and indiscriminately recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The overarching objective of the proposed research is to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of EPA and DHA in men and women with MetS.
Sleep is an essential component of good physical and mental health. Previous studies have reported that poor quality sleep is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypertension is the most common and important risk factor for CVD, and even modest reductions in blood pressure result in significant reductions in stroke and myocardial infarction. In this randomised trial, the investigators aim to evaluate whether a simple, multi-component, online sleep intervention reduces blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an enlargement or ballooning of the main artery supplying high pressure blood from the heart to the body. AAAs may continue to stretch until they burst (rupture) causing 7000 deaths per year in the United Kingdom (UK); 2.1% of all deaths in men over 65. Planned repair before rupture is critical and the National AAA Screening Programme (NAAASP) is being introduced to identify AAAs in men before rupture. Screening will identify over 9000 men per year with a previously undiagnosed AAA. More than 90% of screen detected AAAs are small, do no require repair, enter ultrasound follow-up (surveillance) and may benefit from exercise to improve fitness before repair. Over 4000 elective AAA repairs per year are performed in the UK and it has been suggested that exercise training and weight loss may reduce mortality and complications of AAA repair. This pilot study will examine the feasibility of supervised exercise training for patients with AAAs and determine the optimal duration of training to achieve worthwhile improvements in fitness.
The purpose of this study is to characterize changes in gene and protein expression in peripheral blood in patients with, or at risk for, heart disease during an intensive lifestyle modification program.
A standard hospital meal often contains a high percentage of carbohydrates (CHO), which may not be ideal for patients with diabetes. This concern is particularly pertinent to the breakfast meal, which often contains mainly CHO. Clinical observations suggested that such diets elevate pre-lunch blood glucose (BG) values. The study team compared standard hospital "no concentrated sweets (NCS)" breakfast meals with more balanced meals. The study team hypothesized that a balanced breakfast would improve pre-lunch BG values. This 8-week pilot study was conducted at Duke Hospital on two non-ICU cardiology wards. Ward A consisted mainly of patients with a primary diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Ward B consisted mainly of patients with a primary diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF). The intervention breakfast menu included 5 choices containing 40-45g of CHO. All patients on Ward A (with and without diabetes) were given the intervention breakfast for the first 4 weeks of the study, while those on Ward B received standard menus (60-75g CHO in NCS meals). After 4 weeks, the standard and intervention wards were switched. Data were collected only on patients with diabetes who were able to consume meals.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Associations between risk factors, such as smoking, dyslipidaemia or hypertension, and prevalent CVD are well documented. However, few studies have investigated associations with onset of disease. The initial manifestation of CVD, for example an episode of unstable angina, is important because it influences the prognosis, the quality of life and the management of disease. Furthermore, the extent to which social deprivation, alcohol consumption or atrial fibrillation affects presentation of CVD is poorly understood and deserves further consideration. Most previous studies have considered CVD as a single entity. However, differences in aetiology between coronary phenotypes suggest that risk factors may not be shared across specific coronary phenotypes and their relative importance is likely to differ for each phenotype. Gaining knowledge of these differences could provide insights into the pathophysiology of specific forms of CVD and could eventually lead to modification of recommendations for patient management and disease prevention. We propose to use the linkage of the national registry of coronary events to general practice records in the Clinical Practice Research Database (CPRD), to investigate whether demographic, behavioral, and clinico-metabolic risk factors differentially influence the onset of specific types of CVD.