View clinical trials related to Cardiovascular Diseases.
Filter by:The PRESET Registry--A Registry to Evaluate Patterns of Care Associated With the Use of Corus CAD (Age/Sex/Gene Expression score - ASGES) in Real World Clinical Care Settings (PRESET)--was designed as an observational, post-market, real-world registry to evaluate patterns of care, including referrals to a cardiologist, cardiac stress testing, CT angiography, within the first month after Corus CAD (ASGES) testing.
This is a double-blind, randomized study designed to compare the efficacy and safety of two fixed combinations of fenofibrate / simvastatin 145/20 mg and fenofibrate / simvastatin 145/40 mg tablets vs. matching monotherapies in subjects with abnormal fat (lipids) in the blood and at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Fenofibrate is a treatment that lowers fat in blood. It is prescribed in patients with high levels of triglycerides (TG). The drug has been marketed in more than 80 countries since 1975. Simvastatin is also used for the treatment of patients with a high level of cholesterol. These have also been marketed worldwide for more than 20 years. It is important to treat high levels of fats in the blood because it has been shown that even mildly elevated level of lipids in the blood can lead to diseases of the blood vessels. It has been shown in several studies and in clinical practice that the combination of fenofibrate plus simvastatin can lead to improved effects on blood fats, compared to treatment with simvastatin or fenofibrate alone. The main objective of the study is to compare the efficacy of the two fixed-combinations (FC) -fenofibrate/simvastatin 145/20 mg tablet and fenofibrate/simvastatin 145/40 mg tablet in reducing TG and increasing high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) versus simvastatin 20 mg or 40 mg, and in reducing low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) versus fenofibrate 145 mg.
The investigators hope to learn about the effects of whole grapes, in the form of freeze-dried grape powder, on markers of health. Phytochemical rich food consumption is associated with protection against chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) demonstrating the ability to modify endothelial function and lipemia, but exact causal mechanisms are still not well understood. The investigators will examine metabolic and mechanistic effects of consumption of whole grape powder in chronic as well as acute settings in response to meal challenges by testing blood samples to determine if markers of health have improved. The central hypothesis of this project is that consumption of grapes in the form of a polyphenol-rich freeze-dried whole grape powder (WGP) will attenuate chronic and meal induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in obese individuals.
There is currently little understanding of macrophage cholesterol homeostasis and foam cell formation across the spectrum of CKD. We hypothesize that an inverse relationship exist between the severity of CKD and processes underlying foam cell formation, and that the relationship becomes independent of serum lipoprotein levels as renal function declines. We propose to systematically examine scavenger receptors and cholesterol uptake as well as cholesterol transporters and efflux mechanisms in individuals with normal renal function, patients with moderate CKD and those with ESRD-HD. We further propose to determine if processed contributing to foam cell formation are related to the plasma lipid profile and if the relationship is modified by co-morbidities, such as diabetes, obesity, systemic inflammation which are common in this population and directly influence vascular integrity. These data will be critically important to understand when the abnormality starts and will provide crucial information.
Primary Objective: To compare the effect of alirocumab with placebo on the occurrence of cardiovascular (CV) events (composite endpoint of coronary heart disease (CHD) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), fatal and non-fatal ischemic stroke, unstable angina (UA) requiring hospitalization) in participants who experienced an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event 4 to 52 weeks prior to randomization and were treated with evidence-based medical and dietary management of dyslipidemia. Secondary Objectives: - To evaluate the effect of alirocumab on secondary endpoints (any CHD event , major CHD event, any CV event, composite of all cause mortality/non-fatal MI/non-fatal ischemic stroke, CHD deaths, CV deaths, all cause mortality). - To evaluate the safety and tolerability of alirocumab. - To evaluate the effect of alirocumab on lipid parameters.
Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Impaired endothelial function (assessed as flow-mediated dilation) represents an early marker for later cardiovascular events. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that consumption of tea is associated with lower progression of atherosclerosis and reduced cardiovascular mortality. Tea contains high amounts of polyphenols with important biological activities. The green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most potent physiologically active compound in vitro. However, little is known about its contribution to beneficial effects of tea in vivo. In this crossover study the impact of a single dose of EGCG applied in different forms (green tea beverage, green tea extract and EGCG) on flow-mediated dilation is investigated in healthy volunteers two hours after ingestion. The amount of EGCG (200 mg) corresponds to appr. 0.5 L of green tea. The results of the study will elucidate the contribution of EGCG in cardiovascular protective effects of green tea in vivo. The outcomes will provide insights about the role of EGCG in different application forms to improvements of endothelial function in humans.
Strenuous exercise in apparent healthy individuals increases plasma (high sensitive) troponin levels. The underlying mechanism is not yet elucidated, but could be explained by changes due to a mismatch in oxygen demand and supply that mimic those of ischemia and reperfusion injury. If the mechanism underlying the troponin release during exercise is similar to that of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), than it should be susceptible to remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) as RIPC is a well validated technique to reduce IRI. To test this hypothesis healthy volunteers underwent a strenuous exercise test with or without preceding RIPC.
African-Americans have higher rates of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, as well as vitamin D deficiency. Multiple observational studies have demonstrated an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency in African Americans with type 2 diabetes and correlation between cardiovascular disease and vitamin D levels; however, there is a lack of interventional trials exploring this connection. The objective of this proposal is to address the hypothesis that treatment of vitamin D deficiency in African Americans with type 2 diabetes will improve subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease.
The randomized 2x2x2 factorial design placebo controlled trial will enroll 5000 participants (women 60 years or older and men 55 years or older) without known heart disease or prior stroke and without a clear indication or contraindication to any of the study medications. Eligible and consenting individuals will be randomized to receive either the active study medications or placebo (dummy pills) and will be monitored for an average of 5 years. The study will include people from at 10 countries, will be conducted by an international group of scientists and physicians and will be coordinated by the Population Health Research Institute at Hamilton Health Sciences.
Specific policies on obesity reduction often include a recommendation to reduce sugar consumption as a means of lowering overall caloric intake. Reformulating processed foods (e.g. sugary products) is considered one of the key options for improving population diet. The implications of regular consumption of reformulated products are not fully understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that dietary compensation is common, although the extent is not fully elucidated. In addition to the perceived impact of sugar consumption on weight control, high sugar intake, specifically sucrose and fructose, has been implicated in the increase of plasma lipids and markers of insulin resistance. However to date no randomised controlled study has investigated whether the consumption of reformulated low sugar products as components of a habitual diet have a significant impact on plasma lipid, insulin or glucose concentrations within a free-living, non-diseased population. It is hypothesised that exchange of reformulated, low sugar food products for habitually consumed foods will result in dietary compensation and minimal weight change compared with unmodified products and will have little impact on plasma glucose, insulin and lipid levels.