GIANT: General Practitioner Implementation in Asia of Normoglycaemic Targets

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Trial

— GIANT  

Official title:

GIANT: General Practitioner Implementation in Asia of Normoglycaemic Targets

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00499824
• Other study ID #: IDI Project 4/2006
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• First received: July 9, 2007
• Last updated: May 3, 2010
• Start date: January 2007
• Est. completion date: February 2009

Study information

• Verified date: May 2010
• Source: International Diabetes Institute, Australia
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: Australia: Human Research Ethics Committee
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

To test whether the International Diabetes Federation - Western Pacific Region (IDF-WPR) Guidelines are more effective than standard practices in primary care (general practitioner) clinics for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Asia. A 12-month multinational multicentre prospective cluster randomisation clinical trial within a primary care setting, with 2 parallel treatment arms: diabetes management using IDF-WPR guidelines versus standard clinic practices. 400 subjects will be recruited from 100 sites (4 subjects per site) in ten Asian countries (China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam).

Description:

Description of intervention(s) / exposure and control treatment: This is a prospective multinational, multicentre, cluster-randomised study conducted within the primary care setting, with two parallel treatment arms: standard clinical practice versus education on diabetes management using International Diabetes Federation - Western Pacific Region (IDF-WPR) "Type 2 diabetes practical targets and treatments". The study duration will be 12 months.

100 General Practitioners (GPs) (10 per country) will be randomised to receive education on the IDF-WPR guidelines or to receive no trial-related education.

• GPs in both groups will be required to recruit 4 of their own patients meeting the eligibility criteria. The complete entry criteria are detailed in a following section.

• GPs in both groups will manage the recruited patients according to their own clinical judgement. Frequency of patient visits to the GP's clinic will be determined by the GP. All medication prescribed by the GPs should already be registered in the participating countries.

• Blood sampling of patients will be required at Study Visit 1 (Screening/Baseline), Study Visit 2 (month 6) and Study Visit 3 (month 12).

The intervention will comprise an educational program on the guidelines for GPs, and will be carried out by the national coordinating centre in each country, based on a template provided by the international coordinating centre (International Diabetes Institute, Australia). The educational program for the GPs randomised to the intervention arm will:

1. Combine didactic and interactive sessions.

2. Involve opinion leaders, i.e. the national lead investigator

3. Aim to resolve barriers to practical implementation of guidelines already identified from previous studies (e.g. discuss starting insulin)

4. Present the evidence for the guidelines.

5. Highlight any conflicts between the guidelines and local prescribing regulations, and confirm the need to follow the local prescribing regulations in these instances

6. Involve an initial educational symposium and a follow-up continuing medical education symposium at 3 months

Organisational changes to improve guideline adherence for the study will include:

1. Paper or electronic reminders of the guidelines will be sent to GPs every 3 months.

2. Desktop reminders cards with key guideline algorithms.

3. Insertion of a flowsheet (diabetes action plan) into the patient's medical notes by the study nurse (at the time of review of the practitioner's baseline HbA1c utilisation).

Patient-centred approaches to improve guideline adherence for the study will include:

1. Encouragement and empowerment of patients to ask questions of the treating practitioners

2. Provision of each patient with a "diabetes passport" to be held by the patient, to encourage discussion between the patient and practitioner and also recording of results of medical examinations. This will be provided at the baseline visit to the national coordinating centre.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 386
• Est. completion date: February 2009
• Est. primary completion date: January 2009
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Both
• Age group: 30 Years to 75 Years

Eligibility

INCLUSION CRITERIA

• Men or women who are 30 to 75 years of age (inclusive) at Study Visit 1.

• Clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (defined according to IDF Guidelines) for a minimum of 6 months prior to Study Visit 1

• Patients for whom the GP is the primary medical provider of diabetes care and for whom referral to another doctor for diabetes care is not anticipated within 3 months of Study Visit 1

• Patients who give informed consent to participate.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

• Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

• Patients with any previous episode of ketoacidosis

• Patients who required chronic use (>/= 6 months) of insulin at any time in the past, with the exception of females during pregnancy

• Patients receiving insulin treatment at Study Visit 1 or within the previous 6 months, with the exception of patients who received short-term treatment (= 7 days) with insulin to maintain glycaemic control for an acute event (e.g. hospitalisation or medical procedure/intervention, infection or trauma).

• Treatment with glucocorticoid at Study Visit 1 or within the previous 6 months, with the exception of topical or inhaled glucocorticoid

• Females who are pregnant or considering pregnancy or stopping contraception within the course of the study

• Patients with end-stage renal disease, defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by the MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) formula < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2, or on renal replacement therapy with haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or renal transplant.

• Patients with psychiatric disease, active drug or alcohol abuse or other cognitive impairment that may interfere with treatment compliance.

• Receipt of any investigational drug within 30 days of Study Visit 1.

• Patients receiving diabetes care from another doctor (specialist endocrinologist, general physician, or another GP) Other eligibility criteria considerations The HbA1c at entry for newly recruited patients will be monitored centrally. If there is a significant risk that more than 25% of the total study population will have a baseline HbA1c </= 6.5%, then recruitment of subsequent patients will be restricted to those with HbA1c > 6.5%.

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Health Services Research

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Education of general practitioners on the IDF-WPR guidelines
The intervention will comprise an educational program on the guidelines for GPs, and will be carried out by the national coordinating centre in each country, based on a template provided by the international coordinating centre (International Diabetes Institute, Australia). This will involve: an initial educational symposium and a follow-up continuing medical education symposium at 3 months; paper or electronic reminders of the guidelines sent to GPs every 3 months; desktop reminder cards with guideline algorithms; insertion of a flowsheet (diabetes action plan) into the patient's medical notes by the study nurse; provision of each patient with a "diabetes passport" to be held by the patient.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
China	Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital	Beijing
China	Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong	Shatin	Hong Kong
Indonesia	Diabetes and Nutrition Center, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital - Airlangga University,	Surabaya
Korea, Republic of	Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Medicine	Seoul
Malaysia	School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University House	Johor Bahru
Philippines	Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine	Manila
Singapore	Diabetes, Lipid and Endocrine Practice, Gleneagles Medical Centre	Singapore
Taiwan	Dept of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital,	Taipei
Thailand	Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Rajavithi Hospital,	Bangkok
Vietnam	National Hospital of Endocrinology,	Hanoi	Dongda district

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
International Diabetes Institute, Australia	GlaxoSmithKline

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

China,  Indonesia,  Korea, Republic of,  Malaysia,  Philippines,  Singapore,  Taiwan,  Thailand,  Vietnam, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change in HbA1c from baseline in subjects with baseline HbA1c >/=6.5%		6 months	No
Secondary	HbA1c, FPG, BP, lipids; hypoglycemic events; health care use; number of GP HbA1c measurements; number of treatment escalations; adverse events; barriers to guideline implementation; determine if study patients are representative of GP's diabetic practice		6 & 12 months	No