View clinical trials related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Filter by:Some possible humoural and cellular mechanism for diabetes related osteoporosis/fractures were proposed and summarzied as the following, (1)Diabetes mellitus increases osteoclast function but decreases osteoblast function, thereby leading to accelerated bone loss, osteopenia and osteoporosis. (2)DM/hyperglycemia induces production of macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), all of which are osteoblast-derived activators of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation. (3) DM/hyperglycemia suppresses osteoblast proliferation and function, in part, by decreasing runtrelated transcription factor (Runx)-2, osteocalcin and osteopontin expressions. (4)Adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is increased as indicated by the overexpression of adipocyte differentiation markers, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-g, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), adipsin and resistin. A decrease in neovascularization may further aggravate bone loss. (5)Bone quality is also reduced as a result of advanced glycation end products (AGE) production, which may eventually result in low impact or fragility fractures. DM are associated osteoporosis/fracture. The underlying mechanism, especially of type 2 DM, mandates a DM-osteoporosis cohort to elucidate. In clinical practice, to developed preventive strategies from osteoporotic-fracture is also necessary.
Background: The connection between gut health and diabetes status is increasingly recognized. Gut microbiota composition in diabetic differs from non-diabetic individuals. Interestingly, the level of glucose tolerance was associated with specific microbiota that was rarely found in healthy individuals. Probiotics is one of the functional foods believed to mediate their health promoting activities through modulating the composition of the gut health. Ingestion of probiotics has been shown not only to influence gut microbiota composition but also the secretion of the gut hormones and insulin resistance in animal models with limited trials in human. Supplementation with probiotic has also been shown not only affect glucose homeostasis, but improved other diabetes related comorbidities such as obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Objectives and hypotheses: To address this research gap, this Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is proposed to determine the efficacy of probiotic supplementations as adjuvant therapy to improve glucose homeostasis through modulating gut microbiota composition and gut hormones secretion in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that the probiotic supplementations will improve blood glucose control as well as other diabetes related co-morbidities in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methodology: This is a double blind randomized parallel group control trial with 3 months probiotic supplementation or placebo. After screening the eligible subjects will be selected. Then, after consent taking, subjects will be randomly assigned to either receive probiotic or supplement for 3 months. Measurements of blood parameters including glycemic control related parameters, lipid profile, renal profile, and liver function tests as well as three day diet recall, and anthropometry measurements will take place at baseline, after 6 weeks and after 12 months. Expected Outcomes: Probiotic supplementation as an adjuvant therapy would improve glucose homeostasis and gut health as compared to the placebo and eventually will beneficially affect other diabetes related conditions. This study would provide avenue to identify the possibility of probiotic supplementations as an adjuvant therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Blood cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentration is a widely used marker of acute cardiac injury. Previous research has shown that type 2 diabetic patients may experience large increments in cTnT levels over the subsequent hours following a single bout of moderate-intensity endurance-type exercise. This phenomenon is likely attributed to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Recent evidence indicates that ingestion of dietary nitrates dramatically increases the bioavailability of NO, and as such, may be protective against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. The investigators hypothesize that dietary nitrate supplementation blunts the rise in cTnT levels following exercise in type 2 diabetic patients.
The purpose of this study is to explore the differences in efficacy and safety of sitagliptin,vildagliptin and saxagliptin and to find which one is more better in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Investigators purpose is to track stem cells in vivo in the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after the same have been labelled with positron emission tomography tracer F18-FDG; as it is assumed that the therapeutic outcome will profoundly depend on the delivery of these cells to pancreas. Biodistribution and quantification studies will be done at 30 minutes and 90 minutes of stem cell infusion.
The purpose of this study is to the determine the effect of salt intake and Captopril on the ophthalmic artery (OA) blood supply of individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Lifestyle modification, in particular adopting an appropriate dietary pattern, is generally accepted as the cornerstone for the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consumption of low glycaemic index (GI) meals have been shown to improve glycaemic control, lipid profile and reduced systemic inflammation. However, these studies and international evidence-based nutritional recommendations are principally based on people of European ethnicity consuming fairly typical "western" diets. There are few published controlled dietary intervention studies which have attempted to determine appropriate dietary patterns for the treatment of diabetes amongst populations consuming rice-based diets. HYPOTHESIS 1. The glycaemic response over 6 days as measured by CGMS will have a lower mean glucose level and postprandial increase in individuals consuming the LGI compared with the SDI meal plan. 2. A LGI meal plan is acceptable and participants will adhere and comply to the diet to the same level as those receiving the SDI meal plan. 3. Glycaemic and metabolic parameters as measured by integrated area under the curve (IAUC) of glucose and insulin are lower after a single meal comprising of LGI than compared with an SDI meal. 4. The effect of a single meal of LGI reduces appetite and increases satiety compared with a meal of SDI.
Rocca et al. reported first that the secretion of incretins, particular GLP-1 in rat is regulated by the enteric nervous system, the afferent and efferent vagus nerves [1]. Further, Kazakos et al. [2] reported that autonomic nerve disturbance (AND) in patients with T2DM impaired the incretin effect owing to decreased GLP-1 secretion. However, Toft-Nielsen et al. [3] reported that the decreased GLP-1 responses in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unlikely to be related to the AND and, thus, did not support the results of Rocca et al. and Kazakos et al. Recently, Yabe at al. [4] also observed the same observations in Japanese patients with T2DM. Meanwhile, Jin et al. reported that administration of DPP-IV inhibitor recovered the disturbance of diabetic nerve dysfunction in rat [5]. However, it is unknown whether the administration of DPP-IV inhibitor effects on the AND in human, although many studies are performed to investigate the effect of the DPP-IV inhibitors on glycemic control. Accordingly, it is significant to reinvestigate an effect of DPP-IV inhibitor on glycemic control and autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex disease whose clinical phenotype results from the variable combination of genetic and nongenetic factors. The aim of the present study is to investigate the network linking phenotypes and genotypes in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. In selected cases, in which clinical evidence hints at possible monogenic basis of the disease, the genotype and the phenotype of relatives also will be assessed to elucidate further the etiology of the disease.
This Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) will test the efficacy of a home blood glucose telemonitoring system against usual care in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) during pregnancy. We hypothesize that the system can improve glycemic control in patients, assessed using the mean blood glucose during gestation as the primary outcome measure.