View clinical trials related to Tobacco Use Disorder.
Filter by:Smoking during pregnancy is the single most preventable cause of illness and death among mothers and infants. Because of the stigma associated with tobacco use during pregnancy, pregnant women are less likely to disclose their smoking status to doctors or study researchers. This study will evaluate the use of a new biomarker of nicotine metabolism to estimate tobacco use in a group of pregnant women who participated in the New England Smoking Cessation and Reduction in Pregnancy Trial (SCRIPT).
The goals of this placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial were to evaluate the differences in emotional reactivity (peak startle response to affective stimuli) during a cessation attempt among smokers treated with bupropion, varenicline, or placebo, and to determine if these differences were moderated by genotype.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the combination of naltrexone (Depade) and varenicline (Chantix) minimizes post-smoking cessation weight gain and how well the combination is tolerated.
The primary purpose of this investigation is to determine the predictive value of task persistence as measured by a mirror tracing task. A secondary purpose is to evaluate differences in task persistence in smokers with or without schizophrenia. It is hypothesized that task persistence in smokers in both diagnostic categories (schizophrenia and no schizophrenia) will predict tobacco dependence treatment outcome at one and six months. It is also hypothesized that smokers with schizophrenia will show lower levels of task persistence after controlling for other motor skills than smokers without schizophrenia.
Background Smokers often reject drugs as smoking cessation aids. Nonpharmacological interventions are notoriously under-evaluated. Methods We conducted a randomized clinical trial in which we compared a medication, i.e., sustained-release bupropion (Zyban®; 413 subjects), at the time of the trial the most efficacious pharmacological smoking cessation aid, with an ultrashort psychotherapeutic intervention, Psychodynamic Model Training® (366 subjects), a manual-based psychodynamically oriented 1 ½ day autosuggestion training. Outcome criterion was 12-month self-reported continuous abstinence confirmed by urine cotinine levels below the level of detection (13 ng/ml) or, in an independent analysis, by exhaled carbon monoxide of 10 ppm or less at all interviews conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months.
This study evaluates the effect of smoking reduction vs usual care (quitting advice only) for individuals with peripheral arterial disease who smoke.
The use of smokeless tobacco (ST) as a substitute for cigarette smoking has been suggested since it is considered by some to be a less harmful tobacco product (Russell, Jarvis and Feyerabend, 1980; Russell et al, 1981; Rodu, 1994). ST does not have the volatile constituents and carbon monoxide (CO) that are found in cigarette smoke. Since ST is not smoked there would be less risk of cardiovascular and lung disease. In addition the harm associated with second hand smoke would be eliminated. Although the health risks are reduced in ST users, they still exist due to the presence of nitrosamines found in ST. A better approach would be to use nicotine replacement that did not contain carcinogens, however the cost of such NRT could be prohibitive especially in third world countries where the rate of smoking is continuing to rise and the per capita income is much lower than in the United States. Purpose: The goal of this study is to evaluate the health effects of Camel Snus, the new oral tobacco product produced by RJ Reynolds and Taboka, produced by Phillip Morris. These products are pasteurized rather than fermented and contain less moisture to eliminate spitting. They are marketed as an alternative to cigarette smoking.
The objective of this pilot research is to investigate the effects of two behavioral smoking cessation programs on aspects of cue-induced cigarette craving, and to further investigate the neural bases of such effects.
The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of self-help materials for smoking cessation and self-help materials for smoking cessation plus prize-based contingency management (CM), in which prize incentives are available for breath and saliva samples that indicate smoking abstinence, in substance abuse treatment patients who want to quit smoking.
Cigarette smoking decreases life expectancy, causes devastating health complications, and costs society billions of dollars each year. These untoward consequences are especially pronounced among persons with schizophrenia (SCZ) because approximately 80% to 95% of this group smokes cigarettes. These high prevalence rates underscore the need for research investigating the determinants of smoking in patients with SCZ. Several researchers have observed that nicotine improves specific symptoms of SCZ including negative symptoms, negative affect, and cognitive deficits. This has led to the hypothesis that patients with SCZ smoke in an attempt to self-medicate. However, the mechanism(s) by which nicotine has its positive effect on symptoms remains unclear. The current proposal posits that neural inhibition (NI) is a physiological mechanism of this effect, while variation in the alpha-7-nicotinic receptor subunit gene (CHRNA7) represents the genetic underpinnings of these processes. The proposed study will assess NI and symptom improvement after acute administration of nicotine to both smokers and nonsmokers with SCZ. In addition, NI and CHRNA7 variation will be tested as predictors of patients' ability to reduce/quit smoking following smoking treatment. These data may lead to the development of new pharmacological strategies for treating the symptoms of SCZ and new methods for assisting these patients to quit smoking.