View clinical trials related to Tobacco Use Disorder.
Filter by:Smoking during pregnancy adversely affects the health of the mother and her developing baby. Maternal smoking approximately doubles the risk of miscarriage, placental complications, preterm delivery, low birth weight and fetal and newborn death. The most common adverse effect of smoking during pregnancy is low birth weight, which sharply increases the risk of the newborn becoming ill or dying. In the US, maternal smoking is responsible for 30% of low birth weight babies, 10% of premature deliveries, and 5% of infant deaths. Fortunately, smoking cessation by pregnancy week 16, or as late as the third trimester, results in a near-normal weight infant at birth. Even reductions in smoking increase birth weight. Despite the known risks, the majority of women who are smoking at the time of their first prenatal visit continue to smoke. Bupropion is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for smoking cessation in people who are not pregnant, but there are no carefully controlled studies on the use of Bupropion to help pregnant women quit smoking. Bupropion is also FDA approved to treat depression, and some pregnant women have taken it for that purpose, even though it has not been formally tested. The investigators propose to conduct a randomized, parallel-group, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 10 week trial of Bupropion in 360 pregnant women who smoke daily and wish to quit smoking. The study has three primary hypotheses. First, the investigators hypothesize that Bupropion treated subjects will decrease the frequency of smoking more than placebo-treated subjects. Second the investigators hypothesize that Bupropion treated subjects will have greater positive pregnancy and child health outcomes than placebo-treated subjects. Third the investigators hypothesize that Bupropion treated subjects will have decreased frequency of depressive symptoms and cigarette craving than placebo-treated subjects. These finding will provide information on the safety and efficacy of bupropion treat for smoking cessation in pregnant women.
The current literature in social epidemiology and public health suggests that low financial savings has an unsurprising negative relationship with subjective well-being, and increases the odds of making visits to a healthcare provider, receiving a chronic disease diagnosis, and experiencing medical disability. Earn.org is a community-based non-profit based in San Francisco with a mission to help low-income workers build lifelong savings habits and financial capability. The organization is one of the largest providers of "goal-based savings accounts" or "matched savings accounts" in the US. The investigators propose to conduct a randomized controlled trial to determine the health effects of Earn's savings program. Through this trial, the investigators will test three principal hypotheses: (1) Participants in the Earn account, as compared to a control group, are hypothesized to demonstrate improved scores on mental health scales assessing depression and anxiety. (2) Participants in the Earn account, as compared to a control group, are hypothesized to experience lower odds of harmful behaviors associated with stress, specifically tobacco and alcohol abuse. The investigators hypothesize that the effect on behaviors will be of smaller effect size, and more delayed, than the effect on mental health outcomes, judging from similar effects observed in the micro-credit literature. (3) The mediating variables between Earn account participation and beneficial health outcomes will include increased optimism and internal locus of control.
This study is to examine if inhaled doses of menthol that produce low and high cooling effects change the appeal of e-cigarettes containing low and high doses of nicotine in adolescent smokers. The hypothesis is that the combination of nicotine and menthol, when compared with menthol or nicotine alone, will result in greater increase in liking of an e-cigarette and greater reduction in nicotine withdrawal.
This randomized phase II trial studies acetylsalicylic acid compared to placebo in treating high-risk patients with subsolid lung nodules. A nodule is a growth or lump that may be malignant (cancer) or benign (not cancer). Chemoprevention is the use of drugs to keep cancer from forming or coming back. The use of acetylsalicylic acid may keep cancer from forming in patients with subsolid lung nodules.
The objective of this research is to determine whether smartphone games show promise for helping smokers increase their chances of quitting. The central hypothesis is that smokers who have access to smartphone games during their quit smoking attempt will smoke fewer cigarettes and report less craving than will smokers without such access.
The purpose of this study is to develop and test an integrated cognitive-behavioral intervention for smoking and alcohol among heavy drinking smokers. The current pre-pilot phase will be used to refine this protocol for the subsequent randomized, controlled pilot phase. The current study phase has two parts: 1) an intake session and brief physical; 2) a 12-week treatment phase in which participants receive varenicline (Chantix) and weekly, personalized counseling.
Long-term NRT has not been studied in patients with COPD, and smokers in the United States with COPD are still asked to choose between immediate quitting or continued smoking. The purpose of this study is to see if guided maintenance therapy (GMT), using long-term NRT, might prove to be a reasonable alternative to the standard approach of asking patients to quit immediately. The investigators believe that GMT with long-term NRT will reduce overall exposure to cigarette smoke, reduce harm related to smoking, and ultimately lead to greater quit rates. In this study, 398 smokers with COPD will be randomly assigned to either receive: 1) traditional smoking cessation (SC) or 2) long-term, guided maintenance therapy with NRT (GMT). The SC intervention will be based on a standard approach to smoking cessation, including smoking cessation counseling supplemented with combination NRT (a nicotine patch plus the patient's choice of gum or lozenge) if they are willing to make a quit attempt. The GMT intervention will consist of counseling, focused on medication adherence and smoking reduction, plus 52 weeks of combination NRT. After 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment, we will compare the two treatments based on their effects on smoking cessation, number of cigarettes smoked, exposure to carbon monoxide and smoking-related carcinogens, COPD symptoms, breathing function, and smoking-related hospitalizations or death. The investigators will also analyze the data in such a way that will be able to identify which patients are most likely to benefit from treatment. This analysis will allow patients to estimate their chances of success based on their own personal characteristics and which treatment they choose. The investigators study addresses research priorities identified in recent smoking cessation guidelines and builds upon the input of our Patient Advisory Panel and our Stakeholder Advisory Committee. This study reflects the interests expressed by smokers in prior surveys and addresses the limited reach and effectiveness of traditional approaches to smoking cessation. If our GMT approach is effective, our study could change the recommendations provided in clinical practice guidelines and change the way that insurance companies pay for smoking cessation treatment. GMT could provide an alternative for millions of smokers with COPD who are not currently benefiting from traditional approaches to smoking cessation
Clinically proven medications such as nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and varenicline are available to help smokers quit but there are not widely used. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the real-world long-term effectiveness of of bupropion and varenicline treatment in a community sample of smokers interested in quitting. The investigators hypothesize that varenicline treatment will result in higher quit rates at end of treatment and at one year after treatment compared to bupropion. Smoking status will be biochemically confirmed at various time points using salivary cotinine measures. Furthermore, since 50% of the variation in quit success is genetically determined, and the effectiveness of different cessation medication may differ considerably in sub-groups of smokers carrying certain genetic variants, the investigators will collect saliva samples from consenting participants to evaluate the moderating effect of genetics on treatment response.
The main goal of this project is to compare two different approaches to reducing levels of nicotine in cigarettes: an immediate reduction in nicotine content in cigarettes to non-addictive levels or a gradual reduction in nicotine content in cigarettes to non-addictive levels. These two approaches will then be contrasted to a group that continues to smoke cigarettes with nicotine content similar to conventional cigarettes.
This study aims to identify effective and cost-effective interventions for tobacco use and other risk behaviors for cardiovascular disease among Alaska Native people in rural villages. In a randomized controlled trial, the study will compare interventions using telemedicine to promote the American Heart Association's identified ideal health behaviors (nonsmoking and physical activity) relative to ideal health factors (managing cholesterol and blood pressure).