View clinical trials related to Smoking.
Filter by:Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) increases the risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and may have long-lasting effects in the offspring.Financial incentives may increase smoking abstinence rate in pregnancy and therefore reduce MSDP related negative health effects. This is a randomized open label study comparing financial incentives for smoking abstinence with no financial incentives for smoking abstinence.Research objectives 1. To test the efficacy of financial incentives on smoking abstinence rate among pregnant smokers; 2. To explore the heterogeneity of efficacy according to individual characteristics: socioeconomic status, social background, smoking characteristics, personality traits, time and risk preferences to determine profiles of women which could benefit best from this kind of intervention; 3. To provide a cost-benefit analysis based on the cost of newborn and children disease due to maternal smoking during pregnancy.
Smoking has been considered the most important risk factor for periodontitis among all lifestyle factors. Fewer studies evaluated longitudinal clinical and microbiological status of smokers undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy and controversial results were found. This study will evaluate clinical conditions and prevalence of putative periodontopathogens and Candida spp. in smokers and non-smokers at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Clinical parameters, including oral status assessed using Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding On Probe (BOP), Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), Gingival Recession (GR), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) will be measured in smokers and non-smokers patients with chronic periodontitis. Samples of subgingival biofilm will be obtained from the periodontal pockets and furcation sites and submitted to phenol-chloroform DNA extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis using specific primers for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida dublinienses.
Physicians play a critical role in reducing tobacco use by advising smoking patients to quit. After receiving such advice to quit smoking, patients were more likely to report trying to quit, quitting for at least 24 hours, making more quit attempts, and having more successful quitting outcomes compared with those who received no such advice. On the other hand, most physicians are not performing smoking cessation counselling, and miss the opportunities to advise patients to quit smoking. One of the common reasons is the lack of time. Physicians are busy and cannot afford even one minute to advice their patients to quit smoking. Other barriers include lack of training and experience, lack of knowledge and skills, no awareness about the benefits and effects of physicians' advice, no incentives and no support or requirement from hospital management that they have to do it. We designed a brief smoking cessation counselling model (AWARD) which takes only 10-20 seconds. We will train the physicians to perform the AWARD cessation counselling model in clinic, and encourage them to participate in our brief smoking cessation intervention project using the randomized controlled trail (RCT) design and to train more peer physicians to perform brief smoking cessation counseling. We propose to investigate the effect of the training program on physicians' knowledge of tobacco cessation, practice of performing cessation counselling, and attitudes toward tobacco control policies.
The study addresses epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors and major cardiovascular diseases in Russian Federation (urban and rural population). 12 regions of 1600 participants in each will be included.
Previous research shows a significant proportion of smokers work in full-time employment. Given that the majority of smokers do not aware of the smoking cessation services available in Hong Kong, implementing smoking cessation policy in the workplaces may assist a considerable number of smokers to stop or reduce smoking. This study aims to: 1. examine the employers' knowledge, attitudes and practices in promoting smoking cessation in workplace. 2. test the effectiveness of a brief and an intensive smoking cessation interventions to help workers stop smoking In Phase I of this study, a large scale cross-sectional survey will be conducted to 3000 corporate companies in Hong Kong. The questionnaire will examine the employers' knowledge, attitudes and practices in promoting smoking cessation in the workplaces. In Phase II, a longitudinal study will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention offered by the Department of Psychology, the University of Hong Kong. Smokers from the participating companies will be interviewed before the intervention at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at 1-, 4-, 12-, 26- and 52-week post-intervention follow-ups. The follow-up assessments will consist of a biochemical validation for the self-reported quitters who report quitting in the past 7 days via exhaled carbon monoxide and saliva cotinine concentration tests. Participants' smoking behaviour, knowledge on smoking and satisfaction of the smoking cessation services will also be evaluated. It is hypothesized that the smoking cessation intervention helps workers stop smoking. Employers' knowledge and attitudes are positively associated with the practices in promoting smoking cessation in workplace. Process evaluation: Qualitative interviews, including in-depth interviews and/or focus group will be conducted after 6-month follow-up.
The VioOne Oral Fluid Sample Collection Device can be used to collect human oral fluid samples for detection of cotinine using an ELISA cotinine assay.
The purpose of this study is to examine whether behavioral activation as an adjuvant to standard smoking cessation treatment improves smoking cessation outcomes among veterans with PTSD relative to a comparably intense combination of standard smoking cessation treatment + health and smoking education. It is expected that behavioral activation will produce more successful results than health and smoking education when paired with standard smoking cessation treatment.
The objectives of this study are: 1. To determine the effect that an intensive, community dental clinic centered, stop-smoking program using a motivational interviewing approach has upon cessation rates for interested, smoking inner-city dental patients. 2. To determine the effect that providing a tooth whitening incentive, in a community dental clinic stop-smoking program, has upon cessation rates for interested, smoking inner-city dental patients.
The purpose of this study is to obtain biologic materials from the blood, airways and/or urine of normal individuals and individuals with lung disease. The normal are used to establish a set of normal ranges for various parameters. These provide control information when compared to individuals with various pulmonary diseases, and will help in understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of various lung diseases. The underlying hypothesis is that the pathologic morphological changes in the airway epithelium must be preceded by changes in the gene expression pattern of the airway epithelium and potentially in macrophages.
This project is prompted by the urgent public health need to identify novel strategies to prevent and treat tobacco-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) and by compelling pilot data that suggests cessation of smoking results in rapid amelioration of endothelial function. The higher prevalence of CVD and metabolic syndrome in smokers have become major health care concerns. Therefore, finding optimal intervention strategies to combat these growing epidemics is imperative. We are investigating the efficacy of resistance training to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance in four groups: presence or absence of resistance training with or without cessation treatment + nicotine replacement. The investigators hypothesize that resistance training will improve cardiovascular function in smokers; however, the responses will be better in those who also stop smoking. In addition, resistance training will decrease smoking, however, the effects of counseling and nicotine replacement alone or counseling and nicotine replacement in conjunction with resistance training will be better than resistance training alone.