View clinical trials related to Smoking.
Filter by:The purpose of this study is: - To examine the effect of celecoxib treatment on Ki-67 expression, a marker of cell proliferation, in the bronchial epithelium of current and former smokers. - To examine the toxicity associated with celecoxib administration. - To measure the effect of celecoxib treatment on arachidonic acid metabolites in the bronchial epithelium of current and former smokers.
Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, commonly known as chronic bronchitis and emphysema). Despite this clear link, only 15-20% of smokers develop COPD suggesting that genetic factors affect the lung's susceptibility to the stress of cigarette smoke. The cells lining the airways (epithelium) and cells that help defend the lung (alveolar macrophages) of smokers develop gene expression changes that are different from that of nonsmokers. In the investigators' previous studies they have demonstrated that there are greater than 200 genes that are responsive to cigarette smoke in these cells. But the investigators do not know whether the gene expression is static or changes as a function of time. Genes that show significant changes over time may be relevant to the progression of the disease. Even though quitting smoking reduces the rate at which the lungs decline, many-smokers still go on to develop COPD. This study will provide insights into the natural history of smoking-related gene expression of the lung cells in health and disease.
The hypothesis of this study is that either obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or cigarette smoking (CS) exposure would produce oxidative stress and inflammation leading to endothelial injury, and the combined exposure would be additive or synergistic.
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is currently being evaluated as a treatment option in major depression. It has been shown to be a safe procedure . Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation coils are designed to maximize the electrical field deep in the brain by the summation of separate fields projected into the skull from several points around its periphery. The device is planned to minimize the accumulation of electrical charge on the surface of the brain. Such accumulation can give rise to an electrostatic field that might reduce the magnitude of the induced electric field both at the surface and inside, thus reducing the depth penetration of the induced electric field . Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation could be more effective than repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation due to its deeper penetration into brain tissues . The deeper penetration should produce greater action on nerve fibers connecting the prefrontal cortex to the limbic system. The ability of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to alter dopaminergic neurotransmission in subcortical structures could explain recent reports, which suggest that it has the potential to reduce smoking and nicotine craving. Ecihhammer et al demonstrated a reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked and in the desire to smoke after a single rTMS treatment (Eichhammer et al., 2003). In addition, Johan et al in a cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrated a reduction in cigarette consumption and desire to smoke after a single repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment (Johann et al., 2003). Recently, the investigators have finished a complete study on nicotine addiction using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for 10 consecutive days. They have found that 10 days of rTMS reduced significantly better from placebo the number of cigarettes smoked, nicotine dependence and craving (Amiaz et al 2007, in preparation). Interestingly, some of the effects were stronger in the sub-group of patients that were presented with smoking-related pictures immediately prior to stimulation onset. Although, these results are interesting and exciting, they have two important caveats. First, only about 50%-60% of the smokers responded to the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. Second, among those responded to the treatment, only 10% had quit totally from smoking. Therefore, the potential therapeutic benefit of this treatment is limited. The investigators' hypothesis is that deep transcranial magnetic stimulation may be more efficient in smoking cessation due to it's deeper penetration and therefore it's capability to stimulate deeper fibers of the dopamine-reward-activating system.
The current proposal, will elucidate the role of oxidant stress (OS) on arterial function as measured by flow mediated vasodilation. In addition, the investigators will address the hypothesis, that a pro-oxidant might have different degrees of effects on different biological targets, by performing quantitative assessment of the effects of OS on lipids, proteins and DNA.
The goal of this behavioral research study is to test a new multimedia anti-tobacco video game tailored to the U.S. Army. Researchers want to study how using the program affects tobacco use in soldiers, as compared to standard anti-tobacco programs.
This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial which evaluates the efficacy of preoperative smoking counseling and varenicline (a medication approved by Health Canada and FDA for quitting smoking) to provide long term smoking cessation (i.e., abstinence for at least one year) in surgical patients. The primary hypothesis is as follows: "A significant percentage of surgical patients will be receptive to smoking cessation interventions in the pre-admission clinic and will refrain from smoking at 24 and 52 weeks after starting the treatment." The secondary hypothesis is as follows: "Patients who receive interventions but do not quit smoking will have reduced number of cigarettes consumed/day or improved their readiness to quit smoking at 24 and 52 weeks after starting the treatment."
This study provides an opportunity to combine varenicline and bupropion SR and capitalize on the potential additive benefit. The investigators hypothesize that this will further increase long-term (≥ 6 months) smoking abstinence rates.
The study's aim is to develop a clinical model that can be used to measure the nicotine delivery and tobacco/nicotine abstinence-suppressing capability of electronic devices that are marketed as a means to deliver nicotine to cigarette smokers. The study will compare the nicotine delivery, cardiovascular effects, and tobacco withdrawal suppressing effects of two devices currently marketed in the U.S.: Crown Seven and NJOY. Specifically, the effects of these devices will be compared with the effects of own brand cigarettes (positive control), and an abstinence condition (sham smoking; puffing from an unlit cigarette). The primary hypothesis is that the nicotine delivery, withdrawal suppression, and other effects of electronic devices marketed as a means to deliver nicotine to smokers can be measured during a period of acute exposure.
STUDY PURPOSE: Aim 1. To assess the efficacy of an intervention in preventing or delaying postpartum smoking resumption among women who stop smoking during pregnancy. Aim 2. To determine the association of baseline risk assessment variables (dependence, motivation, self-efficacy, concerns for the fetus, changes in sensory response to tobacco, depression, weight concerns, and partner/household smoking and support) with time to resumption. A two-arm randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Women's risk for resumption will be assessed at 4 time-points. 1. Between 28 and 34 weeks of pregnancy 2. 6-weeks postpartum 3. 6-months postpartum 4. 12-months postpartum Women who report not smoking at any of the assessment points will be asked to provide a saliva sample for analysis of tobacco constituents and a breath sample to assess carbon monoxide. Bio-behavioral and pregnancy-specific factors will be used to triage women to one of four levels of stepped-care that includes: 1. One in-person counseling session and at least one telephone session during pregnancy and from 6 to 11 telephone sessions over the first 9-months postpartum. 2. Risk profiles will be used to match the intervention to each woman's needs. 3. Women randomized to the control arm will receive the booklet, Forever Free for Baby and Me and usual prenatal and postpartum care. We are recruiting 400 women for this study from 11 sites in the Durham/ Raleigh/ Chapel Hill NC area and Fayetteville NC.