Individual Differences in Reward and Impulse Control Circuitry as Risk Factors for Addiction
Background: - The risk for becoming addicted to drugs varies from person to person, even among those who use similar drugs in a similar way. Studies suggest that certain personality traits seen in people with drug addiction may be present before drug use. These traits include responding differently to rewards or impulsivity. Early use of drugs (before age 15) is also associated strongly with drug addiction later in life. Researchers want to study teenagers with and without certain behavioral problems, including those who have used drugs and those who have not. This may help them better understand behaviors that might predict future drug addiction. Objectives: - To understand brain function in teenagers who may be at a higher risk than others to drug addiction. Eligibility: - Teenagers between 13 and 17 years of age who fit into one of four groups: - Have never or rarely used drugs - Have never or rarely used drugs and have conduct or behavior disorders - Have used drugs on many occasions - Have used drugs on many occasions and have conduct or behavior disorders Design: - Participants will be screened with a medical history, and physical and neurological exams. They will also have blood and urine tests. Participants will answer questions about past drug use and any current medications. They will also have a breathalyzer and carbon monoxide breath test to check for recent drug and alcohol use. - This study requires four visits to the clinical center for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and other tests. - The first study visit will include training for the MRI scans. Participants will practice the tasks in front of a computer and in a mock (fake) MRI machine. Participants will also be asked several questions about their personality and past experiences. - Researchers will test changes to tryptophan and dopamine levels. Both of these chemicals affect decision making and brain function. On the three study visits, participants will have the following tests in a randomly selected order. One study will be done at each visit. - MRI scans with changes to dopamine and tryptophan levels - MRI scans with changes to dopamine only (with placebo) - MRI scans with changes to tryptophan only (with placebo) - Participants will be monitored with frequent blood draws and other tests during the study visits....
NCT01443949 — Conduct Disorder
Status: Withdrawn
http://inclinicaltrials.com/conduct-disorder/NCT01443949/
Effects of a Manualized Short-term Treatment of Internet and Computer Game Addiction
The purpose of this study is to 1) determine the efficacy of manualized Short-term Treatment of Internet and Computer game Addiction (STICA), assess 2) the durability of treatment response in these patients and 3) the impact on associated psychiatric symptoms, e.g. social anxiety and depression.
NCT01434589 — Addiction
Status: Completed
http://inclinicaltrials.com/addiction/NCT01434589/
Study of Eating Habits and Addiction Changes in Short and Long Time Follow-up in Morbidly Obese Patients Who Undergo Bariatric Surgery.
1. Obesity is a big health problem worldwide. 2. Mostly obese people have food addiction and bad eating habits. 3. Bariatric surgery is a good alternative for patients who failed to loose weight with other measures like behavioral changes, activities and sports, diet, etc.. 4. The investigators know the changes occurred after surgery in eating habits due to restrictive and malabsorptive feature of the surgery performed. 5. There is no study in the literature to measure these changes. 6. The investigators will try to detect these kind of behavioral changes by a survey before and after surgery.
NCT01412268 — Obesity
Status: Completed
http://inclinicaltrials.com/obesity/NCT01412268/
Evaluation of an Integrative Therapeutic Concept for Schizophrenic Patients With Comorbid Substance Use Disorder
The purpose of this study is to evaluate an integrative therapeutic concept for schizophrenic patients with comorbid substance use disorder.
NCT01411566 — Psychosis
Status: Recruiting
http://inclinicaltrials.com/psychosis/NCT01411566/
Overcoming Addictions: A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Web Application Based on SMART Recovery
The objective of this research project is to develop, evaluate, and disseminate an Internet-based (web) application for SMART Recovery: Overcoming Addictions (OA). OA will be based on the four point cognitive-behavioral program for SMART Recovery (www.smartrecovery.org). The goal of the OA program is to help users learn cognitive and behavioral skills to abstain from drinking, drug use, and problem gambling. The investigators will evaluate the effectiveness of the OA web application for heavy drinkers in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) with follow-ups at 3- and 6-months. The study design has three conditions: 1) participation in face-to-face SMART Recovery meetings alone; 2) use of the OA web application as a stand-alone intervention; and 3) combining the OA web application with participation in face-to-face SMART Recovery meetings. Study Hypotheses: 1. All three groups will reduce their alcohol consumption, drug use (if any), and alcohol/drug-related problems relative to their baseline levels at the 3- and 6-month post-baseline assessments. 2. The OA only group (Experimental group 1) will show a greater reductions in drinking, drug use (if any), and alcohol/drug-related problems relative to the face-to-face only (Control) group. 3. The OA + face-to-face group (Experimental group 2) will have better outcomes on drinking and drug use variables compared to the Control group.
NCT01389297 — Alcoholism
Status: Completed
http://inclinicaltrials.com/alcoholism/NCT01389297/
The present intervention is a Stage II randomized controlled efficacy trial of a group-based intervention that integrates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for pain and substance use disorders (SUDs) compared to a Supportive Psychoeducation Control (SPC) group in a sample of patients receiving residential SUD treatment with co-occurring chronic pain. A total of 452 patients (226 male and 226 female) with current pain rated as moderately severe or greater and comorbid drug or alcohol use disorder(s) will be recruited from a large residential SUD treatment program. These participants will be randomly assigned to either a 4-week (8-session) group of integrated CBT for pain and SUDs or a 4-week (8-session) SPC group. All participants will be re-assessed immediately post-treatment (1 month) and again at 3, 6, and 12 months post-intervention. Through this randomized controlled trial, the investigators hope to gain insight on how to improved treatment of pain in those with SUDs that could result in enhanced quality of life and improved pain-related, substance use, and other health outcomes. Evaluating a psychosocial intervention for pain and substance use that can be delivered during a SUD treatment episode would significantly extend available treatment options for the large numbers of patients with pain seen by SUD treatment providers. The investigators also hope to determine the efficacy of an evidence-based psychosocial pain management approach in men and women from a large and diverse residential addiction treatment program.
NCT01372267 — Pain
Status: Completed
http://inclinicaltrials.com/pain/NCT01372267/
Treatment of Crack-cocaine Addiction Through Cognitive Neuromodulation of the Prefrontal Cortex Produced by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.
The use of crack-cocaine is growing at alarming rate in our country and it is absolutely worrisome the fast establishment of addiction to it. Its immediate effects, that are intense and extremely fleeting, increase dramatically the probability of this drug to be consumed again, settling quickly down the loss of control and the compulsive use, turning the effects of this drug highly addictive. Parallel to this process, brain damages are quickly established, progressing to severe impairments of frontal functions, leading to the lack of cognitive control that feeds back and aggravates the dependence, and hampers any therapeutic approach. The existing treatments have not proved to be satisfactory yet. Thus, considering that a new modality of treatment, based on the neuromodulation induced by noninvasive brain stimulation, has been useful in treating various neuropsychiatric conditions, this study will examine the potential beneficial effects of repeated transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the treatment of crack-cocaine addiction.
NCT01337297 — Executive Dysfunction
Status: Completed
http://inclinicaltrials.com/executive-dysfunction/NCT01337297/
Reconsolidation as a Treatment Target for Cocaine Addiction
The primary objective is to investigate the potential ability of Inderal (propranolol hydrochloride) to diminish the reconsolidation of motivationally potent drug-related cues in cocaine dependent participants. If effective in this laboratory model, Inderal may have clinical efficacy.
NCT01319214 — Cocaine Addiction
Status: Not yet recruiting
http://inclinicaltrials.com/cocaine-addiction/NCT01319214/
Pharmacogenetics of Nicotine Addiction Treatment (PNAT)
The purpose of this research program is to understand how a biomarker called the "nicotine metabolite ratio" (also referred to as NMR) may influence a smoker's ability to quit smoking.
NCT01314001 — Nicotine Addiction
Status: Completed
http://inclinicaltrials.com/nicotine-addiction/NCT01314001/
Effect of Varenicline on a Laboratory Model of Tobacco Addiction and on Withdrawal-Induced Cognitive Impairment
Background: - Varenicline (Chantix ) is a drug that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to help people stop smoking. Varenicline is very effective in helping some people quit smoking, but is less effective for others. Researchers are interested in conducting more in-depth studies into how varenicline works, including its effect on smokers' responses to items that may trigger cigarette cravings, in order to develop better smoking cessation medications. Objectives: - To examine the effectiveness of varenicline as an effective medication for tobacco addiction by studying its effect on nicotine reinforcement, nicotine-seeking behavior, cue-elicited craving, and performance impairment and craving after overnight tobacco deprivation. Eligibility: - Individuals between 18 and 50 years of age who have been smoking at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 2 years. Design: - This study will require 12 study visits. Some visits will be brief and other visits that involve test sessions will last up to 8 hours. If no sessions are repeated, the study will take 26 days. Participants will not be required to attempt to quit smoking during this study. - Participants will be screened with a full physical examination and medical history, blood and urine tests, and other tests as required by the study researchers. - Participants will take two sets of pills during the study: the first set during the first 12 days of the study, followed by a 2-day break, then the second set during the last 12 days. Some of the pills will contain varenicline, and others will be placebos. - On Day 1 of the study, participants will come to the National Institute on Drug Abuse to receive the first set of pills. Participants will take the first pill before leaving. - On Day 8, participants will have a training session that will measure the amount of carbon monoxide in the breath. Participants will also complete several questionnaires about smoking habits and current mood, and will have a chance to practice the procedures they will do in the study. - On Days 9 and 10, participants will have behavioral test sessions that will last 7 to 8 hours. Day 9 will involve tests of cue response to items that may trigger cigarette cravings, and tests of general nicotine cravings over several hours. Day 10 will involve tests of general nicotine cravings over several hours, and then tests of nicotine-seeking behavior. Participants will be provided with lunch during these all-day sessions. - On Day 11, participants will have memory and attention tests, and will provide a blood sample. Participants will not be allowed to smoke for 12 hours before the start of the next test on Day 12. - On Day 12, participants will provide a breath sample, and will have two sets of memory and attention tests before they will be permitted to start smoking again. There will be no tests on Days 13 and 14. - Starting on Day 15, participants will repeat the schedule of tests from Days 1 through 12 with the second set of pills.
NCT01309685 — Drug Addiction
Status: Withdrawn
http://inclinicaltrials.com/drug-addiction/NCT01309685/