View clinical trials related to Risk Reduction.
Filter by:Before having an operation doctors use expressions such as high risk, or low risk to describe the chance of complications occurring. Complications include things such as strokes and heart attacks and even death. It is thought that using words like this, instead of percentages makes it easier for patients to understand their level of risk. It is also often hard for a doctor to give a patient an exact percentage. It is important that patients have a good understanding about their level of risk associated with an operation so they can make informed decisions about whether to go ahead with it. This is an important part of taking consent before an operation. The aim of this study is to assess whether using expressions such as high risk and low risk to communicate the chance of a complication occurring during an operation is useful. Different patients may assign different meanings to these expressions. If it is found that patients interpret these expressions differently from how the doctor intended it would suggest that the way doctors communicate risk to patients should be reviewed. Patients will be asked if they are willing to participate in the study and after giving consent they will complete a questionnaire. The questionnaire will list various expressions used by doctors to describe the chance of a complication occurring during an operation, such as high risk and low risk. Each participant will be asked to give a percentage for each of the expressions. The questionnaire will be completed by patients who are waiting to have an operation at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital.
Prior research has shown that many individuals with substance use disorders engage in HIV/sexual risk behaviors, and could strongly benefit from HIV prevention interventions that were delivered as part of their substance abuse treatment. However, discussions about sexual risk are not occurring at an appropriate frequency in treatment settings. This project will test the effects of counselor training and coaching, combined with a brief assessment and feedback tool, on counselor-patient communication about sex and on patient sexual risk behavior.
BSA is a novel, computerized intervention specifically designed for active military personnel with the intent to reduce two risk factors known to be associated with suicide outcomes.
This study is conducted to determine if using a mouthwash containing propolis, clove oil and chlorhexidine will improve the caries risk of high risk patients in comparison to using a mouthwash containing chlorhexidine only.
· The target population for our study is women who present in their last clinic visit before delivery and are scheduled for an elective cesarean section. In that visit, the provider will notify the research team in order for the subject to be screened for the study. If the subject consents to participation, written informed consent will be obtained by person-to-person contact. The PI, study coordinator, or a collaborator will be responsible for the informed consent. After in-formed consent is obtained, the patient will be randomized to the following study groups: The control group will undergo regular consenting only. Study group I (e-confirmed consent only) will receive an electronic invitation to complete the consent process electronically and will proceed through the Confirmed Consent system prior to arrival to labor and delivery on day of surgery, which is the routine patient flow at this time. After completion of the survey, the subject will sign the regular paper consent for the procedure as standard in our institution. The study group II will undergo the same intervention as group II but the COMRADE survey questionnaire will be obtained by phone or in person after the completion of the paper consent form.
Objective: The aim of the first part of this study with two stages is to determine prevalence of CVD risk and the associated variables in individuals aged 40-65 years registered in a Family Health Center (FHC) in city center of Antalya; the aim of the second one is to evaluate the effect of intervention to increase physical activity in individuals with moderate risk of CVD on decreasing the risk level. Methods: Stage 1 and Stage 2 were conducted as cross-sectional and Randomized Controlled Experimental Trial, respectively. In the first stage the CVD risk level was calculated using the HeartScore. In the second stage, 11 individuals with moderate CVD risk (2-<5%) found in the intervention group participated into a 12-week physical activity program (a moderate walk outdoor, with group 5 days in a week, each lasting for 40 minutes) guided by nurse. CVD brochure and physical activity guide was distributed to 11 individuals in control group within the scope of routine practice of FHCs.
This study will take a group-based intervention for adolescents that reduced sexual risk behavior and create a computer-based version, which is a format that adolescents like and that is more cost-effective. The intervention focuses on teaching adolescents skills for managing their emotions when they are making decisions that could put them at risk (like whether to have sex or drink alcohol). The investigators are hoping to learn whether a computer version of the program will be useful in helping adolescents learn about emotional competence and reducing risky behaviors. The investigators will make a version of the intervention as games on tablet computers in a partnership with a technology company, Klein Buendel. The research team will begin by getting advice from adolescents and experts (in separate groups) about how to convey the ideas from the group program into computer games. Klein Buendel will then create the games. Then, about 10 adolescents will be asked to try out the program and give us feedback about things to change. Klein Buendel will make those changes. Then the investigators will ask about 100 adolescents to volunteer to be randomly placed in one of two groups. One group will do the computer program right away; the other will wait for three months. Both groups will be asked to answer questions and do computer tasks when the team meets them, one month later, and three months later. The investigators will compare the groups to see if the group that received the computer intervention reports being more emotionally competent than the group that has not yet done the computer intervention. The research team will also ask them about their risk behaviors. If this is useful, it may be a good way to enhance health education taught in schools.
This research examines the efficacy of an individually-delivered intervention tailored for YMSM in relationships. The intervention - termed PARTNER - utilizes a brief (4 session) motivational interviewing format to target Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake/adherence, HIV transmission risk behavior, and associated drug use.
This is a dose determination study aiming to identify the optimal tamoxifen dose for reducing the risk of breast cancer. Instead of following a very large number of women, for many years, treated with different doses of tamoxifen and see if they develop breast cancer, the investigators will include 1,440 healthy women participating in the mammographic screening program at two Mammography units (Unilabs mammography, Lund and Södersjukhuset Breast Centre, Stockholm) and measure their change in mammographic density. The change in mammographic density is a very good marker of therapy response. Investigators will test if 1 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg reduce the mammographic density to the same extent as 20 mg. In summary Karisma 2 will be a randomized, double-blinded, six-armed placebo controlled study to identify the dose of tamoxifen with the most favourable side effect spectra and with a density reduction non-inferior to 20 mg tamoxifen.
To reduce the risk of adverse health problems associated with chronic exposure to pesticides, a randomized control study will evaluate a nurse-led integrated pest management (IPM) intervention in 88 child care centers serving socio-economically and ethnically diverse preschool-age children in four California counties. Positive changes in IPM knowledge, policies, practices, pests, and pesticide exposure will be assessed.