View clinical trials related to Risk Reduction.
Filter by:The general research question posed was 'How effective is a healthy lifestyle intervention using behavioural change strategies in the prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?'. The main aim was to assess the effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle intervention implemented for 12 weeks via face-to-face group sessions and by using social media tools (Facebook and WhatsApp) for young adults at risk of T2DM. The hypothesis was that this healthy lifestyle intervention may be effective in terms of initiating an increased physical activity (PA) level and a healthy balanced dietary intake resulting in improvements of other T2DM risk factors at 12 weeks.
This is a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-escalation study. The main purpose of this research is to test the safety and measure the immune response of the trivalent vaccine against invasive Salmonella disease. The vaccine will be tested over a range of doses.
A randomized three arm control trial to examine the efficacy of two distinct apps (LYNX and MyChoices) developed for young men who have sex with men (YMSM) compared to standard of care (SOC) information about HIV testing and PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis).
Worldwide expansion of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) will be critical to ending the HIV epidemic. However, maintaining daily adherence to PrEP can be difficult and the accuracy of self-reported adherence is often limited by social desirability bias. Pharmacologic adherence monitoring (measuring drug levels in a biomatrix) has been critical to the interpretation of the PrEP trials, but testing usually requires expensive equipment and skilled personnel. We have recently developed a point-of-care (POC) immunoassay to measure tenofovir in urine, allowing real-time adherence monitoring for the first time. We now want to test the acceptability, feasibility and preliminary impact of monitoring adherence in real-time using this novel POC assay with adherence feedback provided to the patient with supportive messaging (versus standard of care adherence counseling).
The purpose of this research study is to provide help and support for mental health and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction among Romanian gay and bisexual men. GBM will participate in this study using mobile device (phones, tablets, or laptops) and will complete several confidential surveys and 8 confidential one-hour sessions, either with a trained counselor via chat or by reading about health information. This study also involves testing for HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea.
The BRAHMS study is a prospective observational cohort study aiming to investigate how often people that are at risk to get infected with HIV contract HIV and how long people stay in the study. The University Hospital Essen is interested in finding out how often participants contact other sexually transmitted infections (STI) and hepatitis as well as in the development of HIV vaccines to test in the future. The University Hospital Essen will therefore also ask participants to fill out a questionnaire asking their general willingness to participate in such a trial (i.e., where the vaccine might be targeted to an HIV subtype not as common in Europe) to understand whether such testing would be possible in the future in Germany.
The University Hospital Essen is sponsoring the Multicenter human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections Prevention Network Study (STIPnet) which is funded by Janssen, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson. STIPnet study is a prospective observational cohort study aiming to determine the incidence and point prevalence of HIV infection and the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in individuals with sexual risk behavior. In addition, the University Hospital Essen will examine whether individuals at risk for HIV and STI infections would retain in such a study (retention rate) and would be willing to participate in potential HIV and STI prevention trials (willingness to participate).
The "Safe Vehicle Engagement (SaVE)" trials are 3 parallel randomized clinical trials that aim to determine the impact of text messaging (SMS) vehicle safety interventions vs. weekly SMS vehicle safety self-monitoring alone on seat belt use, distracted driving and drink driving among young adults identified in the emergency department (ED) with risky vehicle behaviors.
Before having an operation doctors use expressions such as high risk, or low risk to describe the chance of complications occurring. Complications include things such as strokes and heart attacks and even death. It is thought that using words like this, instead of percentages makes it easier for patients to understand their level of risk. It is also often hard for a doctor to give a patient an exact percentage. It is important that patients have a good understanding about their level of risk associated with an operation so they can make informed decisions about whether to go ahead with it. This is an important part of taking consent before an operation. The aim of this study is to assess whether using expressions such as high risk and low risk to communicate the chance of a complication occurring during an operation is useful. Different patients may assign different meanings to these expressions. If it is found that patients interpret these expressions differently from how the doctor intended it would suggest that the way doctors communicate risk to patients should be reviewed. Patients will be asked if they are willing to participate in the study and after giving consent they will complete a questionnaire. The questionnaire will list various expressions used by doctors to describe the chance of a complication occurring during an operation, such as high risk and low risk. Each participant will be asked to give a percentage for each of the expressions. The questionnaire will be completed by patients who are waiting to have an operation at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital.
Prior research has shown that many individuals with substance use disorders engage in HIV/sexual risk behaviors, and could strongly benefit from HIV prevention interventions that were delivered as part of their substance abuse treatment. However, discussions about sexual risk are not occurring at an appropriate frequency in treatment settings. This project will test the effects of counselor training and coaching, combined with a brief assessment and feedback tool, on counselor-patient communication about sex and on patient sexual risk behavior.