Outcome After Total Knee Arthroplasty Under General or Spinal Anesthesia

Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trial

Official title:

Outcome After Total Knee Arthroplasty Under General or Spinal Anesthesia, a Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03364088
• Other study ID #: PeijasTKA
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: October 3, 2016
• Est. completion date: December 3, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: January 2020
• Source: Helsinki University Central Hospital
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Previous retrospective database studies suggest that total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery under spinal anesthesia has less complications than when performed under general anesthesia. In general, complications are rare and both anesthesia types are widely accepted. In Finland, total knee arthroplasty has typically been performed under spinal anesthesia.

In a recent prospective randomized controlled study, total knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia resulted in less acute postoperative pain (opioid-need measured by patient-controlled anesthesia), less nausea, and faster hospital discharge than that performed under spinal anesthesia. Also the use of surgical tourniquet can affect surgical outcome: it may reduce bleeding and surgery time, but it may also cause weakness of thigh muscles and thus hinder mobilization. In a recent study, both techniques with and without surgical tourniquet appeared equal.

The aims of this study are to compare total knee arthroplasty under spinal or general anesthesia, with or without surgical tourniquet, in relation to acute and chronic postoperative pain, nausea, knee function, patient reported quality of life and satisfaction on care, complications, length of stay, and need of surgical unit resources. This randomized controlled study includes 400 patients with informed consent, 18-75-years-of-age, standard primary total knee arthroplasty operation, American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status classification I-III, body mass index under 40, and no contraindications for medications or treatments used.

The hypothesis of this study are used to reassess best practices of primary total knee arthroplasty operation to enhance quality of care, patient outcomes and satisfaction, and availability of surgery due to better patient flow at surgical unit.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 402
• Est. completion date: December 3, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: December 22, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 75 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Indication for total knee arthroplasty exists (patient has osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or other disease affecting knee joint that does not respond to conservative treatment)

• Patient understands the study information and is willing to participate

• Triathlon endoprosthesis is suitable for patient

• ASA Physical Status Classification 1-3

• Patient will be operated by a surgeon who has done at least 100 total knee arthroplasty procedures with Triathlon endoprosthesis before

Exclusion Criteria:

• BMI > 40 kg/m2

• ASA Physical Status Classification > 3

• Valgus or varus > 15° degrees in the knee that will be operated

• Extension deficit = 20° or flexion = 90° in the knee that will be operated

• Earlier major (open) surgery in the knee that will be operated

• Contraindication for drugs used in the study

• Contraindication for either spinal or general anesthesia

• Glomerular filtration rate < 60ml/min/1.73m2 (by Chronic Kidney DIsease Epidemiology Collaboration formula)

• Known or suspected disease affecting the function of liver

• Preoperative use of strong opioids

• Patient is pregnant, cognitively disabled, under guardianship, a prisoner or in compulsory military service

• Patient will be operated by a surgeon who has done less than 100 total knee arthroplasty procedures before or by a surgeon who does not operate with Triathlon endoprosthesis

• Day of the surgery is not suitable for study (no research personnel available for 24 hours postoperative evaluation)

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Anesthesia
• Arthropathy of Knee Joint
• Joint Diseases
• Knee Osteoarthritis
• Knee Pain Chronic
• Osteoarthritis, Knee
• Rheumatoid Arthritis

Intervention

Procedure:
• Spinal anesthesia with tourniquet
Operation is done under spinal anesthesia and surgical tourniquet is used.
• Spinal anesthesia without tourniquet
Operation is done under spinal anesthesia and without the use of surgical tourniquet.
• General anesthesia with tourniquet
Operation is done under general anesthesia and surgical tourniquet is used.
• General anesthesia without tourniquet
Operation is done under general anesthesia and without the use of surgical tourniquet.

Drug:
• Oxycodone by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
PCA device (CADD Legacy PCA Pump, Smiths Medical, Kent, UK) is programmed to give intravenous oxycodone in doses of 0.04 mg/kg (ideal body weight). The minimum time between doses is set to 10 minutes and no more than 4 doses per hour are allowed.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Finland	Helsinki University Central Hospital, Peijas hospital	Vantaa

Sponsors (4)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Riku Antero Palanne	Finland, Helsinki University, Helsinki University Central Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Finland, 

References & Publications (1)

Althaus A, Hinrichs-Rocker A, Chapman R, Arránz Becker O, Lefering R, Simanski C, Weber F, Moser KH, Joppich R, Trojan S, Gutzeit N, Neugebauer E. Development of a risk index for the prediction of chronic post-surgical pain. Eur J Pain. 2012 Jul;16(6):901-10. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00090.x. Epub 2011 Dec 23. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Opioid consumption	Cumulative intravenous oxycodone consumption By patient controlled analgesia (PCA) 24 hours postoperative.	24 hours postoperative
Secondary	Acute postoperative pain	Patient reported pain (supine at rest, with knee straight and hip in 45 degrees flexion, with knee at 45 degrees flexion and after walking 5 meters) by numerical rating scale (NRS; a whole number from 0 to10 where 0 = no pain and 10 = worst possible pain) 24 hours postoperative.	24 hours postoperative
Secondary	Postoperative nausea	Patient reported nausea by numerical rating scale (NRS; a whole number from 0 to10 where 0 = no nausea and 10 = worst possible nausea) before transferring from recovery room to surgical ward and 24 hours postoperative.	an average of 0-3 hours and 24 hours postoperative
Secondary	Medications given for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)	The number of medications given for PONV during postoperative hospital stay.	an average of 2 to 3 days postoperative
Secondary	Chronic postoperative pain	Differences in Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF) questionnaires self-reported By patients preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively.	an average of 1-2 weeks preoperative, 3 and 12 months postoperative
Secondary	Predictive value of chronic pain risk index	4 out of 5 risk factors described by Althaus et al. are asked during preoperative visit and 1 out of 5 risk factors will be assessed 24 hours postoperative. These results will be compared to results from BPI-SF questionnaires.	an average of 1-2 weeks preoperative and 24 hours, 3 months and 12 months postoperative
Secondary	Knee function	Differences in Oxford knee score (OKS) questionnaires self-reported By patients preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively.	an average of 1-2 weeks preoperative, 3 and 12 months postoperative
Secondary	Self-reported quality of life	Differences in 15-dimensional, generic, standardized, self-administered measure of health-related quality of life (15D) questionnaires self-reported by patients preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively.	an average of 1-2 weeks preoperative, 3 and 12 months postoperative
Secondary	Patient satisfaction and self-reported complications	A patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) questionnaire made for this study including 10 questions about patient satisfaction and possible complications at 3 and 12 months postoperatively.	3 and 12 months postoperative
Secondary	Times at the operation unit	Time (in minutes) spent for managing anesthesia and surgery, in the operating room and in the recovery room. Information is gathered from electrical anesthesia management program.	from operating room to end of treatment in recovery room, an average of 3-5 hours
Secondary	Need for "rescue" analgesia	Proportion of patients needing "rescue" analgesia in form of medications and regional anesthetic techniques outside the study protocol during the postoperative hospital stay.	From recovery room to the end of hospital stay, an average of 2-3 days
Secondary	Need for vasoactive medications, urine catheter and ventilatory support	Proportion of patients needing vasoactive medications intra- or postoperatively and patients needing urine catheter or ventilatory support postoperatively.	intraoperative - an average of 2-3 days
Secondary	Bleeding	The amount of bleeding during the operation and the change in blood hemoglobin level.	3 months to 1 day preoperative, intraoperative, 15-24 hours postoperative
Secondary	Complications	Recorded complications derived from patient information systems up to 12 months postoperative.	12 months postoperative
Secondary	Hospital length of stay	Time from the start of operation to the time when patient meets the hospital discharge criteria and time when patient is actually discharged.	an average of 2 to 3 days up to 3 months