View clinical trials related to Respiratory Tract Infections.
Filter by:To investigate whether treatment with Azvudine reduces the risk of severe illness or death in patients who are at a potential risk of progressing to severe COVID-19 infection.
The goal of this observational study is to describe the immune signature of acute pulmonary infection.The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Nasal mucosal immune response in patients with influenza infection 2. Difference of immune response between Viral sepsis and Bacterial sepsis 3. Immunological differences between Viral sepsis and Viral pneumonia
To determine whether a strategy of adding venovenous ECMO to mechanical ventilation, as compared to mechanical ventilation alone, increases the number of intensive care free days at day 60, in patients with moderate to severe acute hypoxic respiratory failure.
this is a double-blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. 200 healthy children aged 12-48 months, attending day care or preschool for at least 5 days a week, regularly checked by the family pediatrician (FP) involved in the trial, were considered for the study and consecutively contacted during scheduled medical examinations at the FPs office. study plan is 3-month treatment period. The clinical evaluation will be carried out at enrollment, at 30, 60 and 90 days from the beginning of the treatment by the pediatrician. fecal and nasal mucus samples for immunological and microbiological analysis will be collected before the treatment and at 90 days (end of treatment).
A galectin antagonist prevents viral entry of Sars-CoV-2 virus by blocking the specific terminal on the surface receptors that enables the virus to enter human cells. This inhibitor - ProLectin M is a novel substance that is given orally to individuals who have an infection with Sars-CoV-2 or its subsequent mutations causing COVID19 disease. The oral tablet is chewed every hour, for 8 hours daily, for 7 days. We hypothesize that patients receiving the active investigational product (ProLectin M), irrespective of their vaccination status, or underlying medical conditions, will have a faster recovery from COVID19 compared to those receiving its matching placebo. The trial is approved by an Institutional Review Board for safety and all participants will need to provide written informed consent to participate in this trial. The safety of ProLectin M is established as the drug substance is recognised as a safe substance. However, its benefits in relieving patients from the COVID19 infection and providing the patients faster recovery from its clinical symptoms and prevention of delayed sequelae of the infection has not been proven yet.
The aim of the study is to assess the expression of TLR 3, 7, and 9 in the population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in B lymphocytes (CD19+), T lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+) using flow cytometry in relation to the clinical parameters and outcome of COVID 19 patients .
The objective of this study is to determine whether oral NAC is effective at attenuating COVID-19 disease symptom severity and duration of symptoms.
Relationship between respiratory morbidities and cerebral palsy in children
Identifying multiorgan sequalae and complications through high quality, prospective matched controlled studies throughout the course of COVID-19 is important for the acute and long-term management of patients and for health systems' planning. Further, it is key to understand the link between acute illness and long term consequences particularly in those already living with other comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases or cancer. Since the clinical presentation of COVID-19 can resemble a variety of common respiratory infections, describing the distribution of pathogens and the severity of clinical presentation associated with COVID-like illnesses (CLI) infections is important to generate a baseline clinical description by comparing potential long-term effects of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 to those following other respiratory infections. To gain a better understanding of the clinical burden on COVID-19 survivors we will undertake a comparative evaluation within a cohort of PCR-confirmed individuals with COVID-19 vs. those PCR-confirmed symptomatic individuals with other respiratory pathogens plus healthy individuals from the community. The results will inform strategies to prevent long term consequences; inform clinical management, interventional research, direct rehabilitation, and inform public health management to reduce overall morbidity and improve outcomes of COVID-19.
T-cell exhaustion may limit long-term immunity in COVID-19 patients. T cells can lose their ability to fight viruses and tumors when they have prolonged exposure to these enemies. New data suggests people who experience mild COVID-19 symptoms show the molecular signs of exhausted memory T cells and therefore could have a reduced ability to fight reinfection. On contrary people who develop severe COVID-19 symptoms may be better protected from reinfection. A recent study reported that the 82.1% of COVID-19 cases displayed low circulating lymphocyte counts . It has been reported that, in the case of chronic viruses, continuous PD-1 expression causes T-cell exhaustion, and impairs the ability of killing the infectious cells . The adumbration of patients with COVID-19 is characterized by a diminished lymphocyte percentage, with a similar proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. The quantity of T-cells, mostly CD8+ T-cells, presenting high expression rates of late activity marker CD25 and exhaustion marker PD-1 increases. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 is able to make changes by modifying the acquired immune system, including B and T cells. According to experiments, PD-1's expression, as an important factor in the induction and maintenance of circumferential tolerance keeping the stability of T-cells, has been found to have a higher percentage in different cells of COVID-19 patients. In an experiment conducted by Diao et al., on the patients with SARS-CoV-2, it was observed that the expression of PD-1 on the surface of T-cells was increased significantly; it was also shown that during the SARS-CoV-2 -induced disease, additional expressions of PD-1 and Tim-3 on the T-cells were directly related to the disease's severity; the factors that were also increased in other viral infections. T cell exhaustion" phenomenon could be reversed relatively easily, for example when the T cells are no longer exposed to the virus or tumor. But unfortunately, although exhausted T cells recovered from chronic infection (REC-TEX) regain some function and features of memory T cells (TMEM), they retain epigenetic scars indicating the control of gene expression is "locked in" to their exhaustion history. Once T cells become exhausted, they remain fundamentally 'wired' to be exhausted-thus it may be hard to get them to become effective virus- and cancer-fighters again," said John Wherry, PhD, chair of the department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and director of the Penn Institute of Immunology in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Furthermore, COVID-19 may infect T lymphocyte cells and induce apoptosis and apoptotic markers. Lymphocytopenia was also found in the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) cases. MERS-CoV can directly infect human primary T lymphocytes and induce T-cell apoptosis through extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, but it cannot replicate in T lymphocytes. However, it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 can also infect T cells, resulting in lymphocytopenia. A study showed that T cells express a very low expression level of hACE2 on its cell surface and T-cell lines were significantly more sensitive to SARS-CoV-2 infection when compared with SARS-CoV . In other words, these results tell us that T lymphocytes may be more permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, it is plausible that the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 might mediate potent infectivity, even on cells expressing low hACE2, which would, in turn, explain why the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 is so high. Through recent advances in genomic editing, T cells can now be successfully modified via CRISPR/Cas9 technology. For instance, engaging (post-)transcriptional mechanisms to enhance T cell cytokine production, the retargeting of T cell antigen specificity or rendering T cells refractive to inhibitory receptor signaling can augment T cell effector function. Therefore, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing might provide novel strategies for inducing long term immunity against COVID-19.Immunotherapies with autologous T cells have become a powerful treatment option for many diseases like viral infection or cancer. These include the adoptive isolation and transfer of naturally-occurring virus/tumor-specific T cells and the transfer of T lymphocytes that have been genetically modified . According to the investigator, exhausted virus-reactive CD8+ memory T cells will be isolated from patients with mild infection using a modified antigen-reactive T cell enrichment (ARTE) assay. exhausted virus-reactive CD8+ memory T cells will be collected and both Programmed cell death protein 1(PDCD1) gene and ACE2 gene will be knocked out by CRISPR Cas9 in the laboratory. The lymphocytes will be selected and expanded ex vivo and infused back into patients.