View clinical trials related to Pulmonary Injury.
Filter by:Oxygen is the most commonly administered therapy in critical illness. Accumulating evidence suggests that patients often achieve supra-physiological levels of oxygenation in the critical care environment. Furthermore, hyperoxia related complications following cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction and stroke have also been reported. The underlying mechanisms of hyperoxia mediated injury remain poorly understood and there are currently no human in vivo studies exploring the relationship between hyperoxia and direct pulmonary injury and inflammation as well as distant organ injury. The current trial is a mechanistic study designed to evaluate the effects of prolonged administration of high-flow oxygen (hyperoxia) on pulmonary and systemic inflammation. The study is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy versus matching placebo (synthetic medical air). We will also incorporate a model of acute lung injury induced by inhaled endotoxin (LPS) in healthy human volunteers. Healthy volunteers will undergo bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at 6 hours post-intervention to enable measurement of pulmonary and systemic markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular injury.
This is an observational - data and specimen collection study. There have been increasing reports of vaping-induced lung injury, including severe lung injury and rare cases of death. The mechanism by which vaping contributes to lung injury in susceptible persons is unknown, as is impact on chronic lung disease. The investigators aim to identify individuals with chronic electronic nicotine delivery device (ENDD) exposure and matched controls within our ongoing cohort of HIV+ and HIV-uninfected individuals, collect PFT data, bank respiratory and stool samples and collect clinical data for studies of clinical risk, inflammation, biomarkers, and the microbiome in the identification and modification of risk of progression to lung injury or chronic pulmonary disease.
There is limited data on the respiratory system mechanics and ideal mode of ventilation for patients on veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) post cardiac arrest. In this observational study, the investigators will review and/or obtain laboratory, hemodynamic, respiratory system mechanical, and clinical data from patients on VA ECMO. The specific aims of this study are as follows: Aim 1: To characterize the lung ventilation strategy employed in patients on VA ECMO and its success. Aim 2: To characterize respiratory system mechanics while on ECMO using esophageal manometry and Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). Aim 3: To characterize right heart function and pulmonary vascular hemodynamics on the employed ventilation strategy. The overarching hypothesis is that fine-tuned individualized ventilation might be superior to an algorithm that does not account for cardiac and pulmonary functions. Therefore, the aims of this study are to identify areas in which the ventilation strategy may theoretically be suboptimal, which will guide future interventional studies investigating alternatives methods of ventilation which may reduce time on the ventilator after cardiac arrest, time in the intensive care unit, and need for veno-venous ECMO.
The purpose of the study is to assess the time, dose dependence, and fraction-size dependence of radiation (RT)-induced changes in regional lung and heart perfusion/function/structure following thoracic RT delivered using newer IMRT/conformal/radiosurgery techniques. The PI hopes to develop models to better relate and predict RT-induced changes in regional lung and heart perfusion/function/structure with changes in global cardiopulmonary function. Patients will undergo pre- and serial post-RT lung and heart assessments to better understand RT-induced regional heart/lung changes.